Zylak Carl J, Eyler William R, Spizarny David L, Stone Chad H
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202-2689, USA.
Radiographics. 2002 Oct;22 Spec No:S25-43. doi: 10.1148/radiographics.22.suppl_1.g02oc26s25.
Encountering a developmental lung anomaly in the adult can be a challenge, as the abnormality may be mistaken for something more sinister. The common anomalies encountered are classified into three broad categories: bronchopulmonary (lung bud) anomalies, vascular anomalies, and combined lung and vascular anomalies. The imaging features of these developmental anomalies at conventional radiography, ventilation-perfusion lung nuclear scanning, angiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging are useful in differential diagnosis of thoracic lesions. Lung bud anomalies include agenesis, congenital bronchial atresia, congenital lobar emphysema, congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, pulmonary bronchogenic cysts, tracheal or pig bronchus, and accessory cardiac bronchus. Vascular anomalies include interruption or absence of a main pulmonary artery, anomalous origin of the left pulmonary artery from the right, anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (partial or complete), and pulmonary arteriovenous malformation. Combined lung and vascular anomalies include the hypogenetic lung (scimitar) syndrome and bronchopulmonary sequestration, both intralobar and extralobar.
在成人中发现发育性肺异常可能是一项挑战，因为这种异常可能会被误诊为更严重的疾病。常见的异常可分为三大类：支气管肺（肺芽）异常、血管异常以及肺和血管联合异常。这些发育性异常在传统放射学、通气-灌注肺核扫描、血管造影、计算机断层扫描和磁共振成像中的影像学特征，对胸部病变的鉴别诊断很有帮助。肺芽异常包括肺不发育、先天性支气管闭锁、先天性大叶性肺气肿、先天性囊性腺瘤样畸形、肺支气管源性囊肿、气管或猪支气管以及副心支气管。血管异常包括主肺动脉中断或缺失、左肺动脉起源于右肺动脉、异常肺静脉引流（部分或完全）以及肺动静脉畸形。肺和血管联合异常包括肺发育不全（弯刀）综合征以及叶内型和叶外型肺隔离症。
