Katre Rashmi, Burns Stephanie K, Murillo Horacio, Lane Michael J, Restrepo Carlos S
Cardiothoracic Radiology section, Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78258, USA.
Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2012 Dec;33(6):485-99. doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2012.07.001.
Developmental lung anomalies are classified into 3 main categories: bronchopulmonary (lung bud) anomalies, vascular anomalies, and combined lung and vascular anomalies. These anomalies are uncommon, and patients are at times asymptomatic; hence, identifying a developmental lung anomaly in the adult can be a challenge. Pulmonary vascular anomalies include interruption or absence of the main pulmonary artery, anomalous origin of the left pulmonary artery from the right pulmonary artery, anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (partial or complete), and pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. Systemic vascular anomalies comprise persistent left superior vena cava, anomalies of azygos and hemiazygos systems, and anomalies of the thoracic aorta and its major branches. In this article, we present embryology, classification, epidemiology, clinical presentation, and imaging features of anomalous pulmonary venous connections, with special emphasis on multidetector computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. These state-of-art imaging techniques have facilitated accurate and prompt diagnosis of these anomalies.
支气管肺（肺芽）异常、血管异常以及肺和血管联合异常。这些异常并不常见，患者有时无症状；因此，在成年人中识别发育性肺异常可能具有挑战性。肺血管异常包括主肺动脉中断或缺如、左肺动脉起源于右肺动脉异常、异常肺静脉引流（部分或完全）以及肺动静脉畸形。体循环血管异常包括持续左上腔静脉、奇静脉和半奇静脉系统异常以及胸主动脉及其主要分支异常。在本文中，我们介绍了异常肺静脉连接的胚胎学、分类、流行病学、临床表现和影像学特征，特别强调了多排螺旋计算机断层扫描和磁共振成像。这些先进的成像技术有助于准确、及时地诊断这些异常。
