Karger B, Billeb E, Koops E, Brinkmann B
Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Münster, Röntgenstrasse 23, 48149 Münster, Germany.
Int J Legal Med. 2002 Oct;116(5):273-8. doi: 10.1007/s00414-002-0325-8. Epub 2002 Aug 16.
A total of 624 consecutive gunshot autopsies from the Institutes of Legal Medicine in Münster and Hamburg was investigated retrospectively. In a subsample of 284 suicides and 293 homicides (n=577), a large variety of features such as firearm, ammunition, number and site of entrance wounds, shooting distance and direction of the internal bullet path were recorded and binary logistic regression analysis performed in the case of bullet paths. Females constituted 26.3% of the homicide victims and 10.6% of the suicides. Short-barrelled firearms outnumbered long arms in homicides by 6:1 and in suicides by 2:1. More than 1 gunshot injury was found in 5.6% of the suicides (maximum 5 gunshots) and in 53.9% of the homicides (maximum 23 gunshots). The suicidal gunshots were fired from contact or near contact range in 89% while this was the case in only 7.5% of the homicides. The typical entrance wound sites in suicides were the temple (36%), mouth (20%), forehead (11%) and left chest (15%) but uncommon entrance wound sites such as the eye, ear, and back of the neck and head were also encountered. In suicidal gunshots to the right temple (n=107), only 6% of the bullet paths were directed downwards and only 4% were directed from back-to-front. In gunshots to the left chest (n=130), bullet paths running right-to-left or parallel occurred frequently in suicides (75%) and infrequently in homicide victims (19%). From 61 suicides who fired the gun inside their mouth, only 1 pointed the gun downwards. Consequently, some bullet path directions cannot be considered indicative of suicide: downwards and back-to-front in gunshots to the temple, left-to-right in gunshots to the left chest and downwards in mouth shots. The isolated autopsy findings can only be indicative of suicide or homicide but the combined analysis of several findings can be associated with a high probability.
对明斯特和汉堡法医学研究所连续进行的624例枪伤尸检进行了回顾性研究。在一个包含284例自杀和293例他杀（n = 577）的子样本中，记录了各种特征，如枪支、弹药、入口伤口的数量和位置、射击距离以及子弹内部弹道的方向，并对子弹弹道进行了二元逻辑回归分析。女性占他杀受害者的26.3%，占自杀者的10.6%。在他杀案件中，短管枪支的数量比长枪多6倍，在自杀案件中多2倍。5.6%的自杀者（最多5枪）和53.9%的他杀者（最多23枪）身上发现了多处枪伤。89%的自杀枪击是在接触或近接触范围内发射的，而在他杀案件中这一比例仅为7.5%。自杀时典型的入口伤口部位是太阳穴（36%）、嘴（20%）、前额（11%）和左胸（15%），但也遇到了一些不常见的入口伤口部位，如眼睛、耳朵以及颈部和头部后侧。在右太阳穴自杀枪击案（n = 107）中，只有6%的子弹弹道向下，只有4%是从后向前。在左胸枪击案（n = 130）中，自杀者中子弹弹道从右向左或平行的情况很常见（75%），而在他杀受害者中则很少见（19%）。在61例将枪放入口中自杀的案例中，只有1例枪口向下。因此，一些子弹弹道方向不能被视为自杀的指征：太阳穴枪击时向下和从后向前、左胸枪击时从左向右以及口中枪击时向下。孤立的尸检结果只能提示自杀或他杀，但对多个结果的综合分析则很可能具有关联性。
