Müller H
Institute for Lakes Research, Environmental Protection Agency of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Langenargen, Germany.
Water Sci Technol. 2002;46(6-7):93-8.
Lake Constance is the second largest prealpine European lake. Its international catchment area lies in the territories of the four European countries Austria, Germany, Liechtenstein and Switzerland. Since the fifties, a significant degradation of its state was observed as a result of the pollutants of more than 1.2 million inhabitants in its catchment area. To counteract this negative development, international cooperation was realized in the International Commission for the Protection of Lake Constance (IGKB). Thereby the phosphorus concentration in the lake water, after a maximum value of 87 mg/m3 phosphorus in 1979, was reduced to 13 mg/m3 until 2001. To prevent the negative effects of unfavourable climatic conditions resulting in an incomplete vertical circulation, the concentration of phosphorus must be reduced to 10 mg/m3. Crucial points in future are to sustain the present successes in lake protection, to reduce existing loads as much as possible, to compensate for loads which are not avoidable and to avoid future loads. A sustainable use of the lake is ensured only by an intact lake ecosystem.
博登湖是欧洲阿尔卑斯山前第二大湖泊。其国际集水区位于奥地利、德国、列支敦士登和瑞士这四个欧洲国家境内。自20世纪50年代以来，由于其集水区内超过120万居民产生的污染物，人们观察到该湖的状况出现了显著恶化。为应对这一负面发展趋势，国际博登湖保护委员会（IGKB）开展了国际合作。由此，湖水磷浓度在1979年达到87毫克/立方米磷的最大值后，到2001年降至13毫克/立方米。为防止不利气候条件导致垂直循环不完全而产生负面影响，磷浓度必须降至10毫克/立方米。未来的关键在于维持目前在湖泊保护方面取得的成功，尽可能减少现有负荷，补偿不可避免的负荷，并避免未来产生负荷。只有完整的湖泊生态系统才能确保对该湖的可持续利用。
