Wang Qin'Geng, Gu Gang, Higano Yoshiro
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
Environ Manage. 2006 May;37(5):579-88. doi: 10.1007/s00267-004-0347-8.
Lake Taihu is the third largest freshwater lake in China. It serves many social, economic, and ecological purposes in the drainage basin. Unfortunately, the water has been heavily polluted due to rapid industrialization and urbanization during the last two decades. Notwithstanding great efforts made so far to improve the water quality, the environmental situation is still far from being optimistic. The basin and the lake are facing a range of severe environmental challenges: rapid socio-economic development continues to place great pressures on the environment, current pollution control projects have many problems from the viewpoint of effectiveness and efficiency of their implementations, and the non-point sources of pollution such as agricultural fields, for which control is more difficult than for industrial point sources, have become the main contributors to serious eutrophication of the lake. Considering the characteristics of the environmental challenges and problems confronting the basin and the lake, we focus on integrated environmental management (IEM) as a promising and effective approach to overcome these predicaments. Current practices and problems of environmental management in the basin are examined, and potential future developments are discussed. Three aspects of the IEM are emphasized: institutional cooperation, public participation, and internalization of environmental externalities. We think these are the most critical for not only the basin but also for the whole of China to achieve a sustainable society.
太湖是中国第三大淡水湖。它在流域内具有多种社会、经济和生态功能。不幸的是，在过去二十年中，由于快速工业化和城市化，湖水受到了严重污染。尽管目前为改善水质付出了巨大努力，但环境状况仍远不容乐观。流域和湖泊面临一系列严峻的环境挑战：快速的社会经济发展继续给环境带来巨大压力，当前的污染控制项目在实施效果和效率方面存在诸多问题，而且诸如农田等面源污染，其控制比工业点源污染更困难，已成为湖泊严重富营养化的主要原因。考虑到流域和湖泊所面临的环境挑战及问题的特点，我们将综合环境管理（IEM）作为一种有前景且有效的方法来克服这些困境。本文研究了流域内环境管理的现状与问题，并探讨了未来可能的发展方向。强调了综合环境管理的三个方面：机构合作、公众参与以及环境外部性的内部化。我们认为这些不仅对该流域，而且对整个中国实现可持续社会都至关重要。
