Mattila Pirjo, Salo-Väänänen Pirjo, Könkö Karoliina, Aro Heikki, Jalava Taina
MTT Agrifood Research Finland, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland.
J Agric Food Chem. 2002 Oct 23;50(22):6419-22. doi: 10.1021/jf020608m.
The basic composition (moisture, total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, crude fat, ash, nitrogen, and protein) and amino acid contents were determined in the cultivated mushrooms Agaricus bisporus/white, Agaricus bisporus/brown, Lentinula edodes, and Pleurotus ostreatus. In addition, nitrogen-to-protein conversion factors were calculated for each species by dividing the sums of amino acid residues with total (Kjeldahl) nitrogen contents. The dry matter contents of mushrooms varied from 7.7% to 8.4%. The dry matter of mushrooms contained large amounts of carbohydrates, from 4.5 (A. bisporus/white) to 5.8 g/100 g fresh weight (L. edodes). L. edodes proved to be an especially good source of dietary fiber (3.3 g/100 g fresh weight); the other mushrooms contained 1.5-2.4 g/100 g fresh weight. Crude fat, ash, and protein (based on amino acid analysis) contents of the mushrooms varied 0.31-0.35, 0.49-0.78, and 1.8-2.09 g/100 g fresh weight, respectively. Mushrooms proved to be good sources of almost all essential amino acids when compared with common vegetables. The mean nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor analyzed in the present study was 4.7 +/- 0.21. When using this factor, a very good estimation of protein contents could be obtained for the main species of mushrooms cultivated in Finland.
对人工栽培的双孢蘑菇/白色、双孢蘑菇/棕色、香菇和平菇的基本成分（水分、总碳水化合物、膳食纤维、粗脂肪、灰分、氮和蛋白质）及氨基酸含量进行了测定。此外，通过将氨基酸残基总和除以总（凯氏定氮法）氮含量，计算出每个物种的氮-蛋白质换算系数。蘑菇的干物质含量在7.7%至8.4%之间。蘑菇的干物质含有大量碳水化合物，从4.5（双孢蘑菇/白色）到5.8克/100克鲜重（香菇）。香菇被证明是膳食纤维的特别优质来源（3.3克/100克鲜重）；其他蘑菇含有1.5 - 2.4克/100克鲜重。蘑菇的粗脂肪、灰分和蛋白质（基于氨基酸分析）含量分别为0.31 - 0.35、0.49 - 0.78和1.8 - 2.09克/100克鲜重。与常见蔬菜相比，蘑菇被证明是几乎所有必需氨基酸的优质来源。本研究分析的平均氮-蛋白质换算系数为4.7±0.21。使用该系数时，可以很好地估算芬兰种植的主要蘑菇品种的蛋白质含量。
