Suarez Victor Humberto
URiSA, EEA INTA Anguil, La Pampa, Argentina.
Vet Res. 2002 Sep-Oct;33(5):563-73. doi: 10.1051/vetres:2002039.
The control of ruminant gastrointestinal nematodes and ectoparasites, one of the major production health problems, are heavily reliant on the systematic and sometimes abusive use of anthelmintic drugs. Endectocides are the most frequently used drugs, having high potency against arthropods and nematodes. Their dung pat residues enhance the risk of adverse effects on non-target invertebrates and on the general grazing cattle ecosystem. In this scenario, our objective is to review current knowledge of the agro-environmental and biodiversity impact and risks of endectocides in South America. The effects of faecal drug residues of ivermectin and doramectin on dung colonising invertebrates and dung degradation have been reported in studies carried out in the temperate centre of Argentina and in the subtropical region of Brazil. The results from Argentina showed a depression in invertebrate colonisation and degradation of dung recovered from endectocide treated cattle during the autumn. Comparisons have shown that ivermectin and doramectin have similar adverse effects. A decrease of Coleoptera larvae, Diptera larvae, Staphylinidae, Collembola, Acari and dung specific nematodes was noted in pats from both endectocides. The results from Brazil showed that dipterous larvae, Polyphaga coleopteran larvae and adults and mites were significantly reduced in the ivermectin treated group. The disturbances that macrocyclic lactones can produce on non-targeted invertebrates and on their associated participation in dung degradation and soil element recycling, are unpredictable and can negatively influence biodiversity and the agricultural ecosystem sustainability.
反刍动物胃肠道线虫和体外寄生虫的控制是主要的生产健康问题之一，严重依赖于驱虫药物的系统性使用，有时甚至存在滥用情况。内外寄生虫驱杀剂是最常用的药物，对节肢动物和线虫具有高效力。它们在粪便中的残留增加了对非目标无脊椎动物以及整个放牧牛生态系统产生不利影响的风险。在这种情况下，我们的目标是回顾南美洲关于内外寄生虫驱杀剂对农业环境和生物多样性的影响及风险的现有知识。在阿根廷温带中心和巴西亚热带地区开展的研究报告了伊维菌素和多拉菌素的粪便药物残留对粪便定居无脊椎动物和粪便降解的影响。阿根廷的研究结果表明，秋季从接受内外寄生虫驱杀剂治疗的牛身上回收的粪便中，无脊椎动物的定殖和粪便降解受到抑制。比较表明，伊维菌素和多拉菌素具有相似的不利影响。在两种内外寄生虫驱杀剂处理的粪便中，鞘翅目幼虫、双翅目幼虫、隐翅虫科、弹尾目、蜱螨亚纲和粪便特异性线虫数量均有所减少。巴西的研究结果表明，伊维菌素处理组的双翅目幼虫、多食亚目鞘翅目幼虫及成虫和螨类数量显著减少。大环内酯类药物对非目标无脊椎动物及其在粪便降解和土壤元素循环中的相关作用可能产生的干扰是不可预测的，并且可能对生物多样性和农业生态系统的可持续性产生负面影响。
