Erzen Nevenka Kozuh, Kolar Lucija, Flajs Vesna Cerkvenik, Kuzner Jernej, Marc Irena, Pogacnik Milan
Institute of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Gerbiceva 60, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Ecotoxicology. 2005 Aug;14(6):627-35. doi: 10.1007/s10646-005-0012-x. Epub 2005 Oct 7.
Avermectins are widely used veterinary medicines. They bind strongly to faeces in their non-metabolized form and their half-life in faeces depends on field conditions. There are conflicting data regarding the behaviour of avermectins in the environment. Therefore, we investigated the degradation of abamectin and doramectin on sheep grazed pasture under field conditions in soil, soil-faeces and faeces samples from day 6 to day 70 (abamectin) or to day 50 (doramectin) after sheep treatment. Field conditions were recorded periodically during the experiment. Degradation of abamectin in sheep faeces and in soil-faeces was observed until day 60, with small amounts present in faeces until 70 days post treatment. Because the concentration of abamectin residues in soil was very low on day 6 after treatment, further significant degradation could not be measured. The concentration of doramectin in all analysed matrices decreased rapidly until day 50. It can be concluded that high concentrations of both avermectins were present during the first 20 days after treatment and that field conditions have an important role in degradation of avermectins on grazed pasture of treated animals. Clear identification of the consequences of avermectin exposure and the period of the greatest environmental risk will require further investigations.
阿维菌素是广泛使用的兽药。它们以非代谢形式与粪便紧密结合，其在粪便中的半衰期取决于田间条件。关于阿维菌素在环境中的行为存在相互矛盾的数据。因此，我们研究了在绵羊治疗后第6天至第70天（阿维菌素）或第50天（多拉菌素），在田间条件下，土壤、土壤-粪便和粪便样本中阿维菌素和多拉菌素在放牧绵羊的牧场上的降解情况。实验期间定期记录田间条件。在绵羊粪便和土壤-粪便中观察到阿维菌素的降解一直持续到第60天，直到处理后70天粪便中仍有少量存在。由于处理后第6天土壤中阿维菌素残留浓度非常低，无法测量到进一步的显著降解。所有分析基质中多拉菌素的浓度在第50天之前迅速下降。可以得出结论，在处理后的前20天内两种阿维菌素都存在高浓度，并且田间条件在处理动物放牧的牧场上阿维菌素的降解中起着重要作用。要明确识别阿维菌素暴露的后果以及最大环境风险期，还需要进一步研究。
