市中心区父母对疾病和疫苗风险的看法会影响免疫接种吗？
Do beliefs of inner-city parents about disease and vaccine risks affect immunization?
作者信息
Trauth Jeanette M, Zimmerman Richard K, Musa Donald, Mainzer Hugh, Nutini Jean F
机构信息
Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
出版信息
J Natl Med Assoc. 2002 Sep;94(9):820-32.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to understand how low income, inner-city parents of preschool children think about childhood diseases and prevention and the impact that this has on late receipt of vaccines.
METHODS
Parents of all children born between January 1, 1991, and May 31, 1995, whose child received medical assistance and health care at one of four inner-city, primary care clinics in Pittsburgh, PA, completed a telephone interview and gave consent for a vaccine record review. The main outcome measures were lateness for first and third diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccines (DTP) and not receiving at least four DTP, three polio virus containing and one measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) doses by 19 months.
RESULTS
A total of 483 parents participated. Fifteen percent of children were late for the first DTP, 52% for the third DTP, and 40% had not received at least four DTP, three polio and one MMR by 19 months of age. Statistically significant factors associated with lateness at 19 months included: having three or more children, having two children, beliefs regarding the severity of immunization side effects, and being African American.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study indicate that a combination of life circumstances, as well as cognitive factors were associated with late immunization.
目的
本研究的目的是了解宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡市市中心低收入家庭中，学龄前儿童的父母对儿童疾病及预防的看法，以及这对疫苗接种延迟的影响。
方法
对1991年1月1日至1995年5月31日期间在宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡市市中心四家初级保健诊所之一接受医疗救助和保健的所有儿童的父母进行电话访谈，并征得其同意对疫苗接种记录进行审查。主要观察指标为首次和第三次白喉、破伤风类毒素和百日咳疫苗（DTP）接种延迟，以及到19个月时未接种至少四剂DTP、三剂含脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗和一剂麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹（MMR）疫苗。
结果
共有483名家长参与。15%的儿童首次DTP接种延迟，52%的儿童第三次DTP接种延迟，40%的儿童到19个月时未接种至少四剂DTP、三剂脊髓灰质炎疫苗和一剂MMR疫苗。与19个月时接种延迟相关的具有统计学意义的因素包括：有三个或更多孩子、有两个孩子、对免疫副作用严重程度的看法以及非裔美国人身份。
结论
本研究结果表明，生活环境和认知因素共同导致了疫苗接种延迟。
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