Prislin R, Dyer J A, Blakely C H, Johnson C D
Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, CA 91182-4611, USA.
Am J Public Health. 1998 Dec;88(12):1821-6. doi: 10.2105/ajph.88.12.1821.
This study examined how immunization-related beliefs, attitudes, and perceived control mediate up-to-date immunization among various sociodemographic groups.
Statewide estimates of immunization rates among children up to the age of 2 years were obtained via a multistage cluster sample. In-person interviews were conducted with 4832 parents. Information about immunization was obtained from official records or from health care providers.
Differences in immunization among sociodemographic groups were mediated by beliefs about objective barriers to immunization, protection, medical contraindication, safety concerns, distrust, and natural immunity. Protection beliefs contributed to positive attitudes toward immunization; beliefs in natural immunity and safety concerns contributed to negative attitudes. Beliefs about objective barriers, distrust, safety concerns, and medical contraindications influenced perceived control over immunization. Positive attitudes and a strong sense of control contributed to higher immunization rates.
These findings provide a basis for efficient educational campaigns by specifying which beliefs should be bolstered (because they facilitate proper immunization) and which should be targeted for change (because they hinder proper immunization) in various sociodemographic groups.
本研究探讨了与免疫接种相关的信念、态度和感知控制如何在不同社会人口群体中调节最新免疫接种情况。
通过多阶段整群抽样获得全州2岁及以下儿童免疫接种率的估计值。对4832名家长进行了面对面访谈。免疫接种信息从官方记录或医疗服务提供者处获取。
社会人口群体在免疫接种方面的差异由对免疫接种客观障碍、保护作用、医学禁忌、安全担忧、不信任和自然免疫的信念所介导。保护信念有助于形成对免疫接种的积极态度；对自然免疫的信念和安全担忧则导致消极态度。对客观障碍、不信任、安全担忧和医学禁忌的信念影响了对免疫接种的感知控制。积极态度和强烈的控制感有助于提高免疫接种率。
这些发现为开展有效的教育活动提供了依据，具体指出了在不同社会人口群体中哪些信念应得到强化（因为它们有助于正确的免疫接种），哪些信念应作为改变的目标（因为它们阻碍了正确的免疫接种）。
