Lovejoy Jennifer C, Most Marlene M, Lefevre Michael, Greenway Frank L, Rood Jennifer C
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70808, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Nov;76(5):1000-6. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/76.5.1000.
Nuts appear to have cardiovascular benefits but their effect in diabetic patients is unclear.
The objective was to assess effects of almond-enriched diets on insulin sensitivity and lipids in patients with normoglycemia or type 2 diabetes.
Study 1 assessed the effect of almonds on insulin sensitivity in 20 free-living healthy volunteers who received 100 g almonds/d for 4 wk. Study 2 was a randomized crossover study that compared 4 diets in 30 volunteers with type 2 diabetes: 1) high-fat, high-almond (HFA; 37% total fat, 10% from almonds); 2) low-fat, high-almond (LFA; 25% total fat, 10% from almonds); 3) high-fat control (HFC; 37% total fat, 10% from olive or canola oil); and 4) low-fat control (LFC; 25% total fat, 10% from olive or canola oil). After each 4-wk diet, serum lipids and oral glucose tolerance were measured.
In study 1, almond consumption did not change insulin sensitivity significantly, although body weight increased and total and LDL cholesterol decreased by 21% and 29%, respectively (P < 0.05). In study 2, total cholesterol was lowest with the HFA diet (4.46 +/- 0.14, 4.52 +/- 0.14, 4.63 +/- 0.14, and 4.63 +/- 0.14 mmol/L with the HFA, HFC, LFA, and LFC diets, respectively; P = 0.0004 for fat level). HDL cholesterol was significantly lower with the almond diets (P = 0.002); however, no significant effect of fat source on LDL:HDL was observed. Glycemia was unaffected.
Almond-enriched diets do not alter insulin sensitivity in healthy adults or glycemia in patients with diabetes. Almonds had beneficial effects on serum lipids in healthy adults and produced changes similar to high monounsaturated fat oils in diabetic patients.
坚果似乎对心血管有益，但它们对糖尿病患者的影响尚不清楚。
评估富含杏仁的饮食对血糖正常或2型糖尿病患者胰岛素敏感性和血脂的影响。
研究1评估了杏仁对20名自由生活的健康志愿者胰岛素敏感性的影响，这些志愿者连续4周每天食用100克杏仁。研究2是一项随机交叉研究，比较了30名2型糖尿病志愿者的4种饮食：1）高脂肪、高杏仁（HFA；总脂肪含量37%，10%来自杏仁）；2）低脂肪、高杏仁（LFA；总脂肪含量25%，10%来自杏仁）；3）高脂肪对照（HFC；总脂肪含量37%，10%来自橄榄油或菜籽油）；4）低脂肪对照（LFC；总脂肪含量25%，10%来自橄榄油或菜籽油）。每种4周饮食后，测量血清脂质和口服葡萄糖耐量。
在研究1中，食用杏仁虽体重增加，总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇分别降低了21%和29%（P<0.05），但胰岛素敏感性未显著改变。在研究2中，HFA饮食的总胆固醇最低（HFA、HFC、LFA和LFC饮食的总胆固醇分别为4.46±0.14、4.52±0.14、4.63±0.14和4.63±0.14mmol/L；脂肪水平P = 0.0004）。杏仁饮食的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇显著较低（P = 0.002）；然而，未观察到脂肪来源对低密度脂蛋白：高密度脂蛋白有显著影响。血糖不受影响。
富含杏仁的饮食不会改变健康成年人的胰岛素敏感性或糖尿病患者的血糖。杏仁对健康成年人的血清脂质有有益影响，对糖尿病患者产生的变化与高单不饱和脂肪油相似。
