School of Nutrition and Health Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan.
Metabolism. 2011 Apr;60(4):474-9. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2010.04.009. Epub 2010 May 23.
Almond consumption is associated with ameliorations in obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. The hypothesis of this 12-week randomized crossover clinical trial was that almond consumption would improve glycemic control and decrease the risk for cardiovascular disease in 20 Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (9 male, 11 female; 58 years old; body mass index, 26 kg/m²) with mild hyperlipidemia. After a 2-week run-in period, patients were assigned to either a control National Cholesterol Education Program step II diet (control diet) or an almond diet for 4 weeks, with a 2-week washout period between alternative diets. Almonds were added to the control diet to replace 20% of total daily calorie intake. Addition of approximately 60 g almonds per day increased dietary intakes of fiber, magnesium, polyunsaturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acid, and vitamin E. Body fat determined with bioelectrical impedance analysis was significantly lower in patients consuming almonds (almonds vs control: 29.6% vs 30.4%). The almond diet enhanced plasma α-tocopherol level by a median 26.8% (95% confidence intervals, 15.1-36.6) compared with control diet. Furthermore, almond intake decreased total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 6.0% (1.6-9.4), 11.6% (2.8-19.1), and 9.7% (0.3-20.9), respectively. Plasma apolipoprotein (apo) B levels, apo B/apo A-1 ratio, and nonesterified fatty acid also decreased significantly by 15.6% (5.1-25.4), 17.4% (2.8-19.9), and 5.5% (3.0-14.4), respectively. Compared with subjects in the control diet, those in the almond diet had 4.1% (0.9-12.5), 0.8% (0.4-6.3), and 9.2% (4.4-13.2) lower levels of fasting insulin, fasting glucose, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index, respectively. Our results suggested that incorporation of almonds into a healthy diet has beneficial effects on adiposity, glycemic control, and the lipid profile, thereby potentially decreasing the risk for cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
杏仁的摄入与肥胖、高血脂、高血压和高血糖的改善有关。本 12 周随机交叉临床试验的假设是，杏仁的摄入将改善血糖控制，并降低 20 名患有 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）（9 名男性，11 名女性；58 岁；体重指数 26kg/m²）和轻度高血脂的中国患者患心血管疾病的风险。经过 2 周的导入期后，患者被分配到对照组（即国家胆固醇教育计划第二阶段饮食，即对照组饮食）或杏仁饮食组，每组各 4 周，两种饮食之间有 2 周的洗脱期。在对照组饮食中添加杏仁以替代每日总热量摄入的 20%。每天增加约 60 克杏仁可增加膳食纤维、镁、多不饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和维生素 E 的摄入量。通过生物电阻抗分析确定的体脂肪在食用杏仁的患者中显著降低（杏仁组与对照组相比：29.6% vs 30.4%）。与对照组饮食相比，杏仁饮食使血浆α-生育酚水平平均升高 26.8%（95%置信区间：15.1-36.6）。此外，杏仁的摄入使总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的比值分别降低了 6.0%（1.6-9.4）、11.6%（2.8-19.1）和 9.7%（0.3-20.9）。血浆载脂蛋白（apo）B 水平、apo B/apo A-1 比值和非酯化脂肪酸也分别显著降低了 15.6%（5.1-25.4）、17.4%（2.8-19.9）和 5.5%（3.0-14.4）。与对照组饮食相比，杏仁饮食组空腹胰岛素、空腹血糖和稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗指数分别降低了 4.1%（0.9-12.5）、0.8%（0.4-6.3）和 9.2%（4.4-13.2）。我们的研究结果表明，将杏仁纳入健康饮食中对肥胖、血糖控制和血脂谱有有益影响，从而可能降低 2 型糖尿病患者患心血管疾病的风险。
