Edgardh K
Department of Venhälsan, Karolinska Institute, Söder Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Sex Transm Infect. 2002 Oct;78(5):352-6. doi: 10.1136/sti.78.5.352.
In Sweden, society's attitudes towards teenage sexual relationships are liberal, and sexual and reproductive health issues are given high priority. Family and sex education has been taught in schools since the 1950s. The age of sexual consent is 15 years. Since 1975, abortion has been free on demand. Contraceptive counselling is free, easily available at family planning and youth health clinics. Screening for genital chlamydial infection is performed at these clinics, thus providing a "one stop shop" service. Condoms and oral contraception are available at low cost, emergency contraception is sold over the counter. Teenage childbearing is uncommon. However, sexual and reproductive health problems are on the increase among young people. During the 1990s, a period of economic stagnation in Sweden, schools have suffered budget cut backs. Sex education is taught less. Social segregation, school non-attendance, smoking, and drug use have increased. Teenage abortion rates have gone up, from 17/1000 in 1995 to 22.5/1000 in 2001. Genital chlamydial infections have increased from 14,000 cases in 1994 to 22,263 cases in 2001, 60% occurring among young people, and with the steepest increase among teenagers. Thus, a question of major concern is whether and how adolescent sexual behaviour has shifted towards more risky practices during the late 1990s.
在瑞典，社会对青少年恋爱关系的态度较为开放，性健康和生殖健康问题受到高度重视。自20世纪50年代起，学校就开始教授家庭与性教育。性同意年龄为15岁。自1975年起，堕胎按需免费。避孕咨询是免费的，在计划生育和青少年健康诊所很容易就能获得。这些诊所会进行生殖器官衣原体感染筛查，从而提供“一站式”服务。避孕套和口服避孕药价格低廉，紧急避孕药可在柜台购买。青少年生育并不常见。然而，年轻人中的性健康和生殖健康问题却在增加。在20世纪90年代瑞典经济停滞期间，学校预算遭到削减。性教育的授课时间减少。社会隔离、逃学、吸烟和吸毒现象都有所增加。青少年堕胎率上升，从1995年的千分之十七升至2001年的千分之二十二点五。生殖器官衣原体感染病例从1994年的14000例增至2001年的22263例，其中60%发生在年轻人中，且在青少年中的增长最为显著。因此，一个备受关注的问题是，在20世纪90年代后期，青少年的性行为是否以及如何转向了更具风险的行为。
