Eckford R E, Fedorak P M
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9.
J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 2002 Nov;29(5):243-54. doi: 10.1038/sj.jim.7000304.
Nitrate addition to oil field waters stops the biogenic formation of sulfide because the activities of nitrate-reducing bacteria (NRB) suppress the activities of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). In general, there are two types of NRB - the heterotrophic NRB and the chemolithotrophic NRB. Within the latter group are the nitrate-reducing, sulfide-oxidizing bacteria (NR-SOB). To date, no study has specifically addressed the roles of these different NRB in controlling sulfide concentrations in oil field produced waters. This study used different culture media to selectively enumerate heterotrophic NRB and NR-SOB by most probable number (MPN) methods. Produced waters from three sulfide-containing western Canadian oil fields were amended with nitrate as an electron acceptor, but no exogenous electron donor was added to the serum bottle microcosms. Changes in the chemical and microbiological characteristics of the produced waters were monitored during incubation at 21 degrees C. In less than 4 days, the sulfide was removed from the waters from two of the oil fields (designated P and C), whereas nearly 27 days were required for sulfide removal from the water from the third oil field (designated N). Nitrate addition stimulated large increases in the number of the heterotrophic NRB and NR-SOB in the waters from oil fields P and C, but only the NR-SOB were stimulated in the water from oil field N. These data suggest that stimulation of the heterotrophic NRB is required for rapid removal of sulfide from oil field-produced waters.
向油田水中添加硝酸盐可阻止硫化物的生物成因形成，因为硝酸盐还原菌（NRB）的活性会抑制硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）的活性。一般来说，NRB有两种类型——异养型NRB和化能自养型NRB。后者包括硝酸盐还原、硫化物氧化细菌（NR-SOB）。迄今为止，尚无研究专门探讨这些不同的NRB在控制油田采出水中硫化物浓度方面的作用。本研究使用不同的培养基，通过最大可能数（MPN）法选择性地计数异养型NRB和NR-SOB。以硝酸盐作为电子受体，对来自加拿大西部三个含硫化物油田的采出水进行处理，但未向血清瓶微观世界中添加外源电子供体。在21摄氏度的培养过程中，监测采出水的化学和微生物特性变化。不到4天，来自其中两个油田（分别称为P和C）的水中的硫化物就被去除，而来自第三个油田（称为N）的水去除硫化物则需要近27天。添加硝酸盐刺激了油田P和C的水中异养型NRB和NR-SOB数量大幅增加，但油田N的水中仅刺激了NR-SOB数量增加。这些数据表明，要从油田采出水中快速去除硫化物，需要刺激异养型NRB。
