Budney Alan J, Moore Brent A
Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, South Burlington 05403, USA.
J Clin Pharmacol. 2002 Nov;42(S1):28S-33S. doi: 10.1002/j.1552-4604.2002.tb06000.x.
The past 10 to 15 years of clinical and basic research have produced strong evidence demonstrating that cannabis can and does produce dependence. Clinical and epidemiological studies indicate that cannabis dependence is a relatively common phenomenon associated with significant psychosocial impairment. Basic research has identified a neurobiological system specific to the actions of cannabinoids. Human and nonhuman studies have demonstrated a valid withdrawal syndrome that is relatively common among heavy marijuana users. Last, clinical trials evaluating treatments for cannabis dependence suggest that this disorder, like other substance dependence disorders, is responsive to intervention, yet the majority of patients have difficulty achieving and maintaining abstinence. Of concern, treatment seeking for marijuana dependence has increased almost twofold over the past 10 years. This report briefly reviews selected research literature relevant to our current understanding of cannabis dependence, its associated consequences, and treatment efficacy.
过去10到15年的临床和基础研究已产生有力证据，证明大麻能够且确实会导致成瘾。临床和流行病学研究表明，大麻成瘾是一种相对常见的现象，会造成严重的心理社会损害。基础研究已确定了一个特定于大麻素作用的神经生物学系统。人类和非人类研究已证明存在一种有效的戒断综合征，在重度大麻使用者中相对常见。最后，评估大麻成瘾治疗方法的临床试验表明，这种疾病与其他物质成瘾性疾病一样，对干预有反应，但大多数患者在实现并维持戒除方面存在困难。令人担忧的是，在过去10年里，寻求大麻成瘾治疗的人数几乎增加了一倍。本报告简要回顾了与我们目前对大麻成瘾、其相关后果及治疗效果的理解相关的部分研究文献。
