Schuster Mark A, Franke Todd, Pham Cung B
RAND, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138, USA.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2002 Nov;156(11):1094-100. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.156.11.1094.
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), also called passive smoking, has been shown to have adverse effects on the health of children.
To determine the prevalence and pattern of ETS exposure in US homes with children younger than 18 years.
We analyzed data from the 1994 National Health Interview Survey and Year 2000 Objectives supplement. A multistage sample design was used to represent the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the United States.
Frequency of smoking by household residents and visitors in homes with children.
Thirty-five percent of children in the United States-21 million children-live in homes where residents or visitors smoke in the home on a regular basis (> or =1 d/wk). From the household perspective, regular smoking by residents and visitors occurs in 36% of homes in which children reside. In 92% of homes with children where residents smoke at home, they do so every day of the week. Sixteen percent of nonsmoking respondents with children report that other residents or visitors smoke in the home. In 6% of the homes where no residents smoke, there is nevertheless regular smoking by visitors. In multivariate regression analysis, the prevalence of regular smoking in homes with children varies by age of youngest child, race/ethnicity, number of parents in the home, parental educational level, income, and region of the country.
Many children live in homes with ETS. Most respondents who smoke report that smoking occurs in the home every day. Visitors are an additional source of ETS in homes, including some homes where residents do not smoke. Clinicians who take care of children can advise parents, whether or not they smoke, on how to limit their children's ETS exposure.
环境烟草烟雾（ETS），也称为被动吸烟，已被证明会对儿童健康产生不利影响。
确定美国有18岁以下儿童家庭中ETS暴露的患病率和模式。
我们分析了1994年全国健康访谈调查和2000年目标补充调查的数据。采用多阶段抽样设计来代表美国的平民非机构化人口。
有儿童家庭中居民和访客的吸烟频率。
美国35%的儿童——2100万儿童——生活在居民或访客经常在家吸烟（≥1天/周）的家庭中。从家庭角度来看，36%有儿童居住的家庭中居民和访客经常吸烟。在有儿童且居民在家吸烟的家庭中，92%的居民每周每天都吸烟。16%有儿童的不吸烟受访者报告说其他居民或访客在家吸烟。在6%没有居民吸烟的家庭中，访客仍经常吸烟。在多变量回归分析中，有儿童家庭中经常吸烟的患病率因最小孩子的年龄、种族/族裔、家中父母数量、父母教育水平、收入和所在地区而异。
许多儿童生活在有环境烟草烟雾的家庭中。大多数吸烟的受访者报告说每天在家吸烟。访客是家庭中环境烟草烟雾的另一个来源，包括一些居民不吸烟的家庭。照顾儿童的临床医生可以就如何限制孩子接触环境烟草烟雾向家长提供建议，无论家长是否吸烟。
