McDermott John J, Arimi S M
International Livestock Research Institute, PO Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya.
Vet Microbiol. 2002 Dec 20;90(1-4):111-34. doi: 10.1016/s0378-1135(02)00249-3.
Brucellosis is an important disease among livestock and people in sub-Saharan Africa. In general, the incidence is the highest in pastoral production systems and decreases as herd size and size of landholding decreases. The prevalence of risk factors for infections are best understood for bovine brucellosis and to a lesser extent for ovine and caprine brucellosis. The occurrence and epidemiology of brucellosis in pigs is poorly understood. This species bias is also reflected in control activities. As with other public-sector animal health services, the surveillance and control of brucellosis in sub-Saharan Africa is rarely implemented outside southern Africa. Brucellosis is even more ignored in humans and most cases go undiagnosed and untreated, leading to considerable suffering for those affected. Decision-making to determine the importance of brucellosis control relative to other public concerns and what brucellosis control strategies should be applied is urgently required. A strategy for how brucellosis decision-making might be considered and applied in future is outlined.
布鲁氏菌病是撒哈拉以南非洲地区牲畜和人类中的一种重要疾病。一般来说，在牧区生产系统中发病率最高，并且随着畜群规模和土地持有面积的减小而降低。对于牛布鲁氏菌病，人们对感染风险因素的流行情况了解得最为清楚，而对绵羊和山羊布鲁氏菌病的了解程度则较低。猪布鲁氏菌病的发生情况和流行病学鲜为人知。这种物种偏差也反映在防控活动中。与其他公共部门动物卫生服务一样，撒哈拉以南非洲地区布鲁氏菌病的监测和控制在南部非洲以外地区很少实施。人类布鲁氏菌病更是被忽视，大多数病例未得到诊断和治疗，给患者带来了巨大痛苦。迫切需要做出决策，以确定布鲁氏菌病防控相对于其他公共问题的重要性，以及应采用何种布鲁氏菌病防控策略。本文概述了未来如何考虑和应用布鲁氏菌病决策的策略。
