Robi Dereje Tulu, Bogale Ararsa, Aleme Melkam, Urge Beksisa
Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Tepi Agricultural Research Center, P.O Box: 34, Tepi, Ethiopia.
Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Holeta Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 2003, Holeta, Ethiopia.
BMC Vet Res. 2024 Dec 6;20(1):553. doi: 10.1186/s12917-024-04418-9.
Leptospirosis is a significant zoonotic disease that causes high economic losses in cattle production due to its association with abortions, stillbirths, infertility, and reduced milk yields. However, the epidemiology of bovine leptospirosis in Ethiopia is poorly understood. From October 2020 to October 2021, a cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence of serovar Hardjo in cattle in southwest Ethiopia, as well as the associated risk factors. To test for the existence of L. Hardjo antibodies, blood samples were taken from 461 cattle. Indirect ELISA was used to identify the presence of antibodies against L. Hardjo in sera samples. We conducted a multivariable random-effect logistic regression analysis to identify potential risk factors associated with L. Hardjo seropositivity. An overall L. Hardjo seroprevalence of 24.7% (95% CI: 20.2-48.8) and 53.5% (95% CI: 45.7-90.5) was recorded at the animal level and the herd level, respectively, in the study areas. This study revealed six factors influencing L. Hardjo seropositivity in cattle herds. Large herds had twice the odds of seropositivity (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1-3.8) compared to small herds. Co-grazing cattle exhibited higher odds (OR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.2-4.1) of seropositivity. Extensive management systems significantly increased the odds (OR = 10.3, 95% CI: 1.7-61.8) compared to semi-intensive systems. Highland cattle had higher odds (OR = 3.7, 95% CI: 1.4-10.3) than lowland cattle. Older cattle (OR = 4.6, 95% CI: 2.4-8.9) were more likely to be seropositive. At the herd level, extensive management (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.3-5.8) and large herds (OR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.3-4.7) increased the risk of seropositivity. Herds with sheep/goats (OR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.3-4.1) were also at higher risk, highlighting significant L. Hardjo seropositivity risk factors in cattle herds. The study findings showed that leptospirosis was highly prevalent across the study areas. As a result, use proper management, raise zoonotic awareness for leptospirosis, and conduct molecular bovine leptospirosis research in study areas were recommended.
钩端螺旋体病是一种重要的人畜共患病，由于其与流产、死产、不育以及产奶量降低有关，给养牛业造成了巨大的经济损失。然而，埃塞俄比亚牛钩端螺旋体病的流行病学情况却鲜为人知。2020年10月至2021年10月，开展了一项横断面研究，以调查埃塞俄比亚西南部牛群中哈德乔血清型的血清阳性率及其相关风险因素。为检测哈德乔氏钩端螺旋体抗体的存在，采集了461头牛的血样。采用间接酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）来鉴定血清样本中抗哈德乔氏钩端螺旋体抗体的存在。我们进行了多变量随机效应逻辑回归分析，以确定与哈德乔氏钩端螺旋体血清阳性相关的潜在风险因素。在研究区域，动物层面和畜群层面的哈德乔氏钩端螺旋体总体血清阳性率分别为24.7%（95%置信区间：20.2 - 48.8）和53.5%（95%置信区间：45.7 - 90.5）。本研究揭示了影响牛群中哈德乔氏钩端螺旋体血清阳性的六个因素。与小畜群相比，大畜群血清阳性的几率是其两倍（比值比 = 2.0，95%置信区间：1.1 - 3.8）。共同放牧的牛血清阳性几率更高（比值比 = 2.2，95%置信区间：1.2 - 4.1）。与半集约化养殖系统相比，粗放式养殖系统显著增加了血清阳性几率（比值比 = 10.3，95%置信区间：1.7 - 61.8）。高地牛比低地牛血清阳性几率更高（比值比 = 3.7，95%置信区间：1.4 - 10.3）。年龄较大的牛（比值比 = 4.6，95%置信区间：2.4 - 8.9）血清阳性的可能性更大。在畜群层面，粗放式养殖（比值比 = 2.8，95%置信区间：1.3 - 5.8）和大畜群（比值比 = 2.5，95%置信区间：1.3 - 4.7）增加了血清阳性风险。有绵羊/山羊混养的畜群（比值比 = 2.3，95%置信区间：1.3 - 4.1）风险也更高，这凸显了牛群中哈德乔氏钩端螺旋体血清阳性的重要风险因素。研究结果表明，钩端螺旋体病在整个研究区域高度流行。因此，建议在研究区域采取适当管理措施，提高对钩端螺旋体病人畜共患病的认识，并开展牛钩端螺旋体病分子研究。
