Russell James A, Bachorowski Jo-Anne, Fernandez-Dols Jose-Miguel
Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.
Annu Rev Psychol. 2003;54:329-49. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145102. Epub 2002 Jun 10.
A flurry of theoretical and empirical work concerning the production of and response to facial and vocal expressions has occurred in the past decade. That emotional expressions express emotions is a tautology but may not be a fact. Debates have centered on universality, the nature of emotion, and the link between emotions and expressions. Modern evolutionary theory is informing more models, emphasizing that expressions are directed at a receiver, that the interests of sender and receiver can conflict, that there are many determinants of sending an expression in addition to emotion, that expressions influence the receiver in a variety of ways, and that the receiver's response is more than simply decoding a message.
在过去十年里，出现了一系列关于面部表情和声音表情的产生及反应的理论和实证研究。情绪表达表达情绪，这是个同义反复，但可能并非事实。争论主要集中在普遍性、情绪的本质以及情绪与表情之间的联系上。现代进化理论为更多模型提供了依据，强调表情是针对接收者的，发送者和接收者的利益可能存在冲突，除了情绪之外，还有许多因素决定是否发送表情，表情以多种方式影响接收者，并且接收者的反应不仅仅是对信息进行解码。
