Hawk Skyler T, van Kleef Gerben A, Fischer Agneta H, van der Schalk Job
Department of Social Psychology, University of Amsterdam the Netherlands.
Emotion. 2009 Jun;9(3):293-305. doi: 10.1037/a0015178.
The authors compared the accuracy of emotion decoding for nonlinguistic affect vocalizations, speech-embedded vocal prosody, and facial cues representing 9 different emotions. Participants (N = 121) decoded 80 stimuli from 1 of the 3 channels. Accuracy scores for nonlinguistic affect vocalizations and facial expressions were generally equivalent, and both were higher than scores for speech-embedded prosody. In particular, affect vocalizations showed superior decoding over the speech stimuli for anger, contempt, disgust, fear, joy, and sadness. Further, specific emotions that were decoded relatively poorly through speech-embedded prosody were more accurately identified through affect vocalizations, suggesting that emotions that are difficult to communicate in running speech can still be expressed vocally through other means. Affect vocalizations also showed superior decoding over faces for anger, contempt, disgust, fear, sadness, and surprise. Facial expressions showed superior decoding scores over both types of vocal stimuli for joy, pride, embarrassment, and "neutral" portrayals. Results are discussed in terms of the social functions served by various forms of nonverbal emotion cues and the communicative advantages of expressing emotions through particular channels.
作者比较了非语言情感发声、语音嵌入的语调以及代表9种不同情绪的面部线索在情感解码方面的准确性。参与者（N = 121）对来自3个通道之一的80个刺激进行解码。非语言情感发声和面部表情的准确性得分总体相当，且两者均高于语音嵌入语调的得分。特别是，情感发声在愤怒、轻蔑、厌恶、恐惧、喜悦和悲伤等情绪的解码上优于语音刺激。此外，通过语音嵌入语调解码相对较差的特定情绪，通过情感发声能更准确地识别，这表明在日常言语中难以传达的情绪仍可通过其他方式以声音表达。情感发声在愤怒、轻蔑、厌恶、恐惧、悲伤和惊讶等情绪的解码上也优于面部表情。面部表情在喜悦、自豪、尴尬和“中性”描绘方面的解码得分高于两种类型的声音刺激。研究结果从各种形式的非语言情感线索所发挥的社会功能以及通过特定通道表达情感的交流优势方面进行了讨论。
