Kolarzyk Emilia, Ostachowska-Gasior Agnieszka, Kwiatkowski Jacek
Zakład Higieny i Ekologii Collegium Medicum Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków.
Przegl Lek. 2002;59(6):433-7.
The examination concerned 313 girls and boys from the second and third class of the secondary schools in Kraków. The translated German version questionnaire "Woman Self Image and Social Ideal" was used in the examination; mainly its parts such as: 1. "The social support" which includes 22 questions. 2. "Human Relations" which includes 64 questions. The five step scale of feeling was applied. One of the five possibilities was chosen by the examined persons and analysed. Stepwise regression was performed. More than half of the examined pupils have a good friend, who is helpful any time and who has never lets them down. They are relaxed with him, may discuss important problems and can give him charge over their home in their absence. 5% of the examined pupils could not share psychological problems with any friends and 10% could not count on house or flat care. 10% of pupils often felt as outsiders among other young people, while 1/3 did not experience such a feeling. The need of better understanding, care and support in the family and from close acquaintances was observed by 15%. Simultaneously only 14% claimed that relation in this matter were satisfactory. 19% of examined persons wanted more safety and friendship. Only 14% had a feeling of full safety. Juveniles most often claimed, that it is not difficult for them to buy a gift for another person (71% vs 2%), or cherish happiness of other people (67% vs 0.3%), and to express sympathy to others (65% vs 2.8%). More than half of the respondents judge themselves as non-aggressive against others, that they do not place their own needs above other peoples' needs, and that they are not afraid of contact with others. The frequency of choosing opposite extreme did not exceed 5% of the respondents. With the majority of questions we found a number of answers regarding discussed problem, ex. accepting orders from superiors (never--28%, sometimes--28%, average--21%, often--12%, very often--11%). In analogical proportions we found answers regarding such facts as a being strong and steady person, without bothering of hurting somebody's feelings or taking care of their own goals when anyone else is in need. We showed very differentiated, individual approach of examined adolescents to matters regarding their relations with people important for shaping their attitude towards life. It was also shown, that most of the 16-17 year old adolescents from Krakow enjoy a satisfactory relationship with people important in their lives, on the other hand, it is distressing that almost 20% of the examined pupils do not get enough support, care, safety and understanding either from their peers, families or adults.
此次调查涉及来自克拉科夫市中学初二和初三的313名女生和男生。调查采用了翻译后的德文版问卷《女性自我形象与社会理想》；主要使用了其中的部分内容，如：1. “社会支持”，包括22个问题。2. “人际关系”，包括64个问题。采用了五级情感量表。被调查者从五种可能性中选择一种并进行分析。进行了逐步回归分析。超过一半的被调查学生有一个随时都能提供帮助且从未让他们失望的好朋友。他们与这个朋友相处很放松，可以讨论重要问题，还能在自己不在时把家托付给他。5%的被调查学生无法与任何朋友分享心理问题，10%的学生无法指望他人照顾自己的房子或公寓。10%的学生在其他年轻人中经常感觉自己像局外人，而三分之一的学生没有这种感觉。15%的学生表示需要在家庭和亲密熟人那里得到更好的理解、关心和支持。同时，只有14%的学生声称在这方面的关系是令人满意的。19%的被调查者希望有更多的安全感和友谊。只有14%的人有完全的安全感。青少年最常声称，对他们来说给别人买礼物并不难（71%对2%），或者珍惜他人的幸福（67%对0.3%），以及向他人表达同情（65%对2.8%）。超过一半的受访者认为自己对他人没有攻击性，不会把自己的需求置于他人需求之上，并且不害怕与他人接触。选择相反极端情况的受访者比例不超过5%。对于大多数问题，我们发现了关于所讨论问题的一系列答案，例如接受上级命令（从不——28%，有时——28%，一般——21%，经常——12%，非常经常——11%）。我们发现，对于诸如成为一个坚强稳重的人、在他人需要时不担心伤害他人感情或只顾自己目标等情况，答案的比例类似。我们展示了被调查青少年对与塑造他们生活态度重要的人的关系问题非常不同的、个性化的处理方式。还表明，克拉科夫市大多数16 - 17岁的青少年与他们生活中重要的人关系令人满意，另一方面，令人痛心的是，近20%的被调查学生从同龄人、家庭或成年人那里得不到足够的支持、关心、安全和理解。
