MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002 Oct 11;51(40):900-1.
Persons often begin smoking when they are minors (aged <18 years), and easy access to cigarettes might contribute to this behavior. Laws and regulations were in place in Texas during 1998-1999 to reduce minors' access to cigarettes by 1) prohibiting the sale and distribution of tobacco products to minors; 2) imposing fines against retailers caught selling cigarettes to minors; 3) prohibiting minors from purchasing, possessing, or using tobacco products; 4) limiting vending machines to adult-only locations; and 5) requiring tobacco retailers to ask for proof of identification from anyone attempting to purchase tobacco who appeared to be aged <27 years. To measure progress in reducing access to cigarettes among middle and high school students in Texas, CDC analyzed self-reported data from the 1998 and 1999 Texas Youth Tobacco Survey (TYTS). This report summarizes the results of that survey, which indicate that during 1998-1999, reported access to cigarettes from stores and vending machines (commercial sources) decreased among middle school students from 13.2% to 5.3% and from 7.6% to 1.7%, respectively, but access from noncommercial and other sources (e.g., stealing cigarettes and "getting them some other way") increased from 8.3% to 12.3% and from 16.6% to 23.3%, respectively. Among high school students, most sources did not change. Educating retailers and actively enforcing laws governing youth access to tobacco as part of a comprehensive tobacco-control approach are required to reduce youth access to cigarettes.
人们往往在未成年时(年龄<18岁)就开始吸烟,而香烟的轻易可得可能助长了这种行为。1998 - 1999年期间,得克萨斯州制定了法律法规,以减少未成年人获取香烟的机会,措施包括:1)禁止向未成年人销售和分发烟草制品;2)对被发现向未成年人出售香烟的零售商处以罚款;3)禁止未成年人购买、持有或使用烟草制品;4)将自动售货机限制在仅供成年人进入的场所;5)要求烟草零售商向任何看似年龄<27岁且试图购买烟草的人索要身份证明。为衡量得克萨斯州中学生获取香烟机会减少方面的进展,美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)分析了1998年和1999年得克萨斯州青少年烟草调查(TYTS)的自我报告数据。本报告总结了该调查结果,结果表明,在1998 - 1999年期间,中学生报告从商店和自动售货机(商业来源)获取香烟的比例分别从13.2%降至5.3%,从7.6%降至1.7%,但从非商业和其他来源(如偷烟和“通过其他方式获得”)获取香烟的比例分别从8.3%增至12.3%,从16.6%增至23.3%。在高中生中,大多数来源没有变化。作为全面控烟方法的一部分,需要对零售商进行教育并积极执行有关青少年获取烟草的法律,以减少青少年获取香烟的机会。