Samaranayake P
Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong.
Int Dent J. 2002 Oct;52(5):330-6. doi: 10.1002/j.1875-595x.2002.tb00880.x.
Tuberculosis is one of the deadliest scourges of mankind and, overall, one third of the global population is infected with this mycobacterium or its variants. The advent of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic has accelerated its spread inexorably whilst the multi-drug resistant strains of the bacillus have hampered disease management. Given the alarming spread of the disease, there appears to be a significant potential for occupationally acquired tuberculous infection amongst health care workers, including dental care workers. This review addresses the basic microbiology and the pathogenesis of tuberculosis, its oral manifestations, mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (MOTT), multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), management including aspects of the global programme on tuberculosis (DOTS programme), the potential for occupationally acquiring the disease and finally, the infection control measures that are available for dental and other health care workers.
结核病是人类最致命的灾祸之一，总体而言，全球三分之一的人口感染了这种分枝杆菌或其变种。人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）大流行的出现无情地加速了其传播，而该杆菌的多重耐药菌株则阻碍了疾病的管理。鉴于该疾病令人担忧的传播态势，医护人员，包括牙科医护人员，似乎有很大的职业性获得结核感染的可能性。本文综述了结核病的基础微生物学和发病机制、其口腔表现、非结核分枝杆菌（MOTT）、耐多药结核病（MDR-TB）、管理措施（包括全球结核病规划的各个方面，即直接观察短程疗法规划）、职业性感染该病的可能性，以及最后可供牙科和其他医护人员采用的感染控制措施。
