Arnett Donna K, McGovern Paul G, Jacobs David R, Shahar Eyal, Duval Sue, Blackburn Henry, Luepker Russell V
Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454-1015, USA.
Am J Epidemiol. 2002 Nov 15;156(10):929-35. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwf133.
The objective was to describe trends in cardiovascular risk factors between 1980-1982 and 1995-1997 in metropolitan Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota. Four population-based surveys of 4,000-6,000 adults aged 25-74 years were conducted in 1980-1982, 1985-1987, 1990-1992, and 1995-1997 using consistent sampling strategies and protocols. The authors completed interviews and examinations to characterize cardiovascular risk factors. Blood samples were drawn and assayed for several analytes including total cholesterol. Although total cholesterol decreased 7-9 mg/dl during the 1980s, no further reduction was noted between 1990-1992 and 1995-1997. Hypercholesterolemia prevalence (total cholesterol of >240 mg/dl and/or use of lipid-lowering medication) fell between 1980-1982 and 1990-1992 but increased thereafter. Current cigarette smoking, systolic blood pressure, and hypertension prevalence decreased significantly between 1980-1982 and 1995-1997. Body mass index increased substantially across the four surveys. Although there was little change in the mean leisure-time physical activity, the proportion of the population not engaging in regular exercise increased between 1990-1992 and 1995-1997. Dietary fat decreased consistently from 1980-1982 to 1995-1997, while overall caloric intake rose 8% in women but not men. To conclude, the favorable trends in hypertension, cigarette smoking, and dietary fat consumption observed in Minneapolis-St. Paul from 1980-1982 to 1995-1997 were paralleled by less favorable recent trends in total cholesterol, hypercholesterolemia, adiposity, and physical activity.
研究目的是描述1980 - 1982年至1995 - 1997年明尼阿波利斯 - 圣保罗市（位于明尼苏达州）心血管危险因素的变化趋势。在1980 - 1982年、1985 - 1987年、1990 - 1992年和1995 - 1997年，采用一致的抽样策略和方案，对4000 - 6000名年龄在25 - 74岁的成年人进行了四项基于人群的调查。作者通过访谈和检查来确定心血管危险因素。采集血样并检测包括总胆固醇在内的多种分析物。尽管在20世纪80年代总胆固醇水平下降了7 - 9毫克/分升，但在1990 - 1992年至1995 - 1997年期间未观察到进一步下降。高胆固醇血症患病率（总胆固醇>240毫克/分升和/或使用降脂药物）在1980 - 1982年至1990 - 1992年期间下降，但此后有所上升。当前吸烟率、收缩压和高血压患病率在1980 - 1982年至1995 - 1997年期间显著下降。在这四项调查中，体重指数大幅上升。尽管平均休闲时间体力活动变化不大，但在1990 - 1992年至1995 - 1997年期间，不经常锻炼的人群比例有所增加。从1980 - 1982年到1995 - 1997年，明尼阿波利斯 - 圣保罗市在高血压、吸烟和饮食脂肪消耗方面呈现出有利趋势，但与此同时，在总胆固醇、高胆固醇血症、肥胖和体力活动方面，近期趋势却不太乐观。
