Hoffmeister H, Mensink G B, Stolzenberg H
Institute for Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Federal Health Office, Federal Republic of Germany.
Prev Med. 1994 Mar;23(2):197-205. doi: 10.1006/pmed.1994.1027.
National representative health surveys for Germany were conducted for the first time in 1984/85 and again in 1987/88 and 1990/91.
Data from these three independent population samples (ages 25-69 years) are used to describe national trends in cardiovascular risk factors. In addition, national cardiovascular disease mortality rates during this time period are presented.
A net rise in median total serum cholesterol level of 0.17 mmol/liter (6.6 mg/dl) for men and 0.08 mmol/liter (3.1 mg/dl) for women was observed. Also observed was an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol of 0.04 mmol/liter (1.5 mg/dl) for men and of 0.09 mmol/liter (3.5 mg/dl) for women. This resulted in a favorable increase in the HDL/total cholesterol quotient. There were no statistically significant changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, with the exception of a net increase of 2 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure for women. A net rise of 0.3 kg/m2 for men and 0.4 kg/m2 for women in body mass index was observed. The prevalence of male smokers declined during the observed period while the prevalence of female smokers increased.
Most of the measured risk factors increased in both sexes during the study period. This is not reflected in cardiovascular mortality, which has shown a steady downward trend for more than 20 years.
德国全国代表性健康调查于1984/85年首次开展，1987/88年和1990/91年再次进行。
来自这三个独立人群样本（年龄在25 - 69岁之间）的数据用于描述心血管危险因素的全国趋势。此外，还呈现了该时间段内全国心血管疾病死亡率。
观察到男性血清总胆固醇中位数净上升0.17毫摩尔/升（6.6毫克/分升），女性上升0.08毫摩尔/升（3.1毫克/分升）。还观察到男性高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇上升0.04毫摩尔/升（1.5毫克/分升），女性上升0.09毫摩尔/升（3.5毫克/分升）。这导致HDL/总胆固醇比值出现有利增长。收缩压和舒张压无统计学显著变化，但女性收缩压净上升2毫米汞柱除外。观察到男性体重指数净上升0.3千克/平方米，女性上升0.4千克/平方米。在观察期内，男性吸烟者患病率下降，而女性吸烟者患病率上升。
在研究期间，大多数测量的危险因素在两性中均有所增加。但这并未反映在心血管死亡率上，心血管死亡率在20多年来呈稳步下降趋势。
