Schniepp Jason, Campbell Teri S, Powell Kasey L, Pincivero Danny M
Department of Physical Therapy, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, Washington 99004, USA.
J Strength Cond Res. 2002 Nov;16(4):561-6.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of cold-water immersion on power output, heart rate, and time to peak power in 10 well-trained cyclists. The Compu-trainer Professional Model 8001 computerized stationary trainer was used to evaluate maximum power, average power, and time to peak power during a simulated cycling sprint. The heart rate was measured using a Polar heart rate monitor. Subjects performed 2 maximum-effort sprints (for approximately 30 seconds) separated by either an experimental condition (15 minutes of cold-water immersion at 12 degrees C up to the level of the iliac crest) or a control condition (15 minutes of quiet sitting). All subjects participated under both control and experimental conditions in a counterbalanced design in which 5 subjects performed the experimental condition first and the other 5 subjects performed the control condition first. Each condition was separated by at least 2 days. The time to peak power was not different between the 2 conditions. Maximum and average powers declined by 13.7 and 9.5% for the experimental condition but only by 4.7 and 2.3% for the control condition, respectively. The results also demonstrated a significantly greater decline in maximum heart rate after cold-water immersion (8.1%) than under the control condition (2.4%). Average heart rate showed a decrease of 4.2% under the experimental condition, as compared with an increase of 1.5% under the control condition. The major findings of this study suggest that a relatively brief period of cold-water immersion can manifest significant physiological effects that can impair cycling performance.
本研究的目的是检验冷水浸泡对10名训练有素的自行车运动员的功率输出、心率和达到峰值功率所需时间的影响。使用Compu-trainer Professional Model 8001电脑化固定自行车训练器评估模拟自行车冲刺过程中的最大功率、平均功率和达到峰值功率所需时间。使用Polar心率监测仪测量心率。受试者进行2次全力冲刺（约30秒），两次冲刺之间为实验条件（在12摄氏度的冷水中浸泡15分钟，浸泡至髂嵴水平）或对照条件（安静坐15分钟）。所有受试者均在对照和实验条件下参与实验，采用平衡设计，其中5名受试者先进行实验条件，另外5名受试者先进行对照条件。每个条件之间至少间隔2天。两种条件下达到峰值功率所需时间没有差异。实验条件下最大功率和平均功率分别下降了13.7%和9.5%，而对照条件下仅分别下降了4.7%和2.3%。结果还表明，冷水浸泡后最大心率的下降幅度（8.1%）明显大于对照条件下（2.4%）。实验条件下平均心率下降了4.2%，而对照条件下平均心率上升了1.5%。本研究的主要发现表明，相对较短时间的冷水浸泡会产生显著的生理影响，可能会损害自行车运动表现。
