Stein-Streilein Joan, Streilein J Wayne
Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Int Rev Immunol. 2002 Mar-Jun;21(2-3):123-52. doi: 10.1080/08830180212066.
Immune privilege was first explored in the late 1800s by van Dooremaal, and was then extended by Medawar in the mid 1900s to fit in with emerging concepts of transplantation immunology. Modern concepts and understanding of immune privilege come from subsequent studies produced by Medawar, Billingham, and Streilein. The exploitation of the model of anterior chamber immune deviation (ACAID) in mice has allowed us to look at both cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the prevention of potentially damaging immune responses in such privileged sites. This review gives a historical perspective of the immune privilege research and provides up-to-date information of molecules, cells, and concepts newly recognized as contributing to tolerance induction induced in such specialized areas of the body. Evidence is given to support the idea that application of such information may lead to potential for therapeutic applications of ACAID mechanisms in prevention of progression of immune-inflammatory diseases in humans.
免疫赦免最早在19世纪末由范·多勒马尔进行探索，然后在20世纪中叶由梅达沃进行扩展，以适应新兴的移植免疫学概念。现代对免疫赦免的概念和理解来自梅达沃、比林厄姆和斯特赖林随后开展的研究。对小鼠前房免疫偏离（ACAID）模型的利用，使我们能够研究参与预防此类特权部位潜在有害免疫反应的细胞和分子机制。本综述给出了免疫赦免研究的历史视角，并提供了最新信息，涉及新认识到的有助于在身体此类特殊区域诱导耐受的分子、细胞和概念。有证据支持这样一种观点，即应用此类信息可能会使ACAID机制在预防人类免疫炎症性疾病进展方面具有治疗应用潜力。
