Lang Frieder R, Rieckmann Nina, Baltes Margret M
Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2002 Nov;57(6):P501-9. doi: 10.1093/geronb/57.6.p501.
Previous cross-sectional research has shown that older people who are rich in sensorimotor-cognitive and social-personality resources are better functioning in everyday life and exhibit fewer negative age differences than resource-poor adults. Longitudinal data from the Berlin Aging Study was used to examine these findings across a 4-year time interval and to compare cross-sectional indicators of adaptive everyday functioning among survivors and nonsurvivors. Apart from their higher survival rate, resource-rich older people (a) invest more social time with their family members, (b) reduce the diversity of activities within the most salient leisure domain, (c) sleep more often and longer during daytime, and (d) increase the variability of time investments across activities after 4 years. Overall, findings suggest a greater use of selection, compensation, and optimization strategies in everyday functioning among resource-rich older adults as compared with resource-poor older adults.
以往的横断面研究表明，拥有丰富感觉运动认知和社会人格资源的老年人在日常生活中功能更好，与资源匮乏的成年人相比，其负面年龄差异更少。来自柏林衰老研究的纵向数据被用于在4年的时间间隔内检验这些发现，并比较幸存者和非幸存者之间适应性日常功能的横断面指标。除了较高的存活率外，资源丰富的老年人：(a) 与家人共度更多社交时间；(b) 减少最突出休闲领域内活动的多样性；(c) 白天更频繁、更长时间地睡眠；(d) 4年后增加各项活动时间投入的变异性。总体而言，研究结果表明，与资源匮乏的老年人相比，资源丰富的老年人在日常功能中更多地运用了选择、补偿和优化策略。
