Baltes M M, Lang F R
Department of Gerontopsychiatry, Free University Berlin, Germany.
Psychol Aging. 1997 Sep;12(3):433-43. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.12.3.433.
The goal of this article is to examine differential aging in everyday functioning between resource-rich and resource-poor older adults. Four groups of older adults were identified on the basis of 2 distinct resource factors: a Sensorimotor-Cognitive factor and a Social-Personality factor. The resource-richest group consisted of those participants who were above the median in both factors; those falling below the median in both factors comprised the resource-poorest group; and 2 additional groups consisted of older adults who were above the median in either 1 of the 2 factors. At the level of mean differences, the 4 groups differed in the length of the waking day, the variability in activities, the frequency of intellectual-cultural and social-relational activities, and resting times. Considering age differences there are more and larger negative age effects in the resource-poorest group than in the resource-richest one. The metamodel of selective optimization with compensation is used to interpret the findings.
本文的目的是研究资源丰富和资源匮乏的老年人在日常功能方面的差异老化情况。基于两个不同的资源因素，确定了四组老年人：一个感觉运动-认知因素和一个社会-人格因素。资源最丰富的组由在两个因素上均高于中位数的参与者组成；在两个因素上均低于中位数的那些人构成资源最匮乏的组；另外两组由在两个因素中的任何一个上高于中位数的老年人组成。在平均差异水平上，这四组在清醒时间长度、活动的变异性、智力-文化和社会关系活动的频率以及休息时间方面存在差异。考虑到年龄差异，资源最匮乏的组比资源最丰富的组存在越来越多且越来越大的负面年龄效应。采用带有补偿的选择性优化元模型来解释这些发现。
