Mansell J, Ashman B, Macdonald S, Beadle-Brown J
Tizard Centre, University of Kent at Canterbury, UK.
J Intellect Disabil Res. 2002 Nov;46(Pt 8):625-33. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2788.2002.00440.x.
The pattern of residential services for people with intellectual disability in England has changed dramatically since 1971, with many more places being made available in residential homes in the community. The aim of the present study was to assess the needs and characteristics of residents and features of all the residential homes provided by a national charity.
Assessments of adaptive behaviour, problem behaviour and social impairment were completed by staff who knew residents well; information about costs and staffing was provided from central records.
A significant proportion of residents have important care needs relating to their skills, their behaviour and their social abilities. Residents with these needs are dispersed throughout services, so that a large majority of services include one or more residents with relatively complex needs.
Compared with services in the late 1980s, these services care for a much more disabled client group. Since individuals with high levels of particular needs are typically distributed throughout services, a very high proportion of services require staff who have relatively advanced skills. Current national plans do not adequately address this need and case management arrangements may encourage the re-creation of more institutional services.
The first author is a Trustee of the charity.
自1971年以来，英格兰为智障人士提供的住宿服务模式发生了巨大变化，社区中的寄宿家庭提供了更多的住宿名额。本研究的目的是评估居民的需求和特征，以及一家全国性慈善机构提供的所有寄宿家庭的特点。
由熟悉居民情况的工作人员完成对适应行为、问题行为和社会障碍的评估；关于成本和人员配备的信息来自中央记录。
很大一部分居民在技能、行为和社交能力方面有重要的护理需求。有这些需求的居民分散在各个服务机构中，因此绝大多数服务机构都有一名或多名需求相对复杂的居民。
与20世纪80年代末的服务相比，这些服务所照顾的残疾客户群体要多得多。由于有特殊高需求的个体通常分布在各个服务机构中，因此很大比例的服务机构需要具备相对先进技能的工作人员。当前的国家计划没有充分满足这一需求，而个案管理安排可能会促使更多机构化服务的重新出现。
第一作者是该慈善机构的受托人。
