Staresinic Anthony G, Sorkness Christine A
Pharmacy Practice Division, University of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705-2222, USA.
Med Clin North Am. 2002 Sep;86(5):1035-47. doi: 10.1016/s0025-7125(02)00032-9.
Inhaled corticosteroids modify some but not all features of airway inflammation seen in asthma. ICS remain the most effective class of medications currently available to treat persistent asthma and result in few clinically relevant adverse effects when used in low-moderate doses. ICS activity is enhanced when used in combination with LABA and, to a lesser degree, LTRAs. ICS are well tolerated in adults. Daily doses of ICS may not be required to exceed 200 micrograms of FP equivalents. From an economic standpoint, ICS provide health care savings because of reductions in asthma hospitalization. The impact of early introduction of ICS in the disease course of asthma remains unresolved. The use of ICS in patients whose asthma is mild, with essentially normal lung function, and infrequent symptoms also remains unstudied. For the time being, ICS remain the first line of asthma treatment for adults with persistent disease.
吸入性糖皮质激素可改善哮喘中出现的部分而非全部气道炎症特征。ICS仍然是目前可用于治疗持续性哮喘最有效的一类药物，低至中等剂量使用时产生的临床相关不良反应很少。与长效β2受体激动剂（LABA）联合使用时，ICS的活性会增强，与白三烯调节剂（LTRA）联合使用时活性增强程度较小。ICS在成人中耐受性良好。ICS的日剂量可能无需超过200微克氟替卡松（FP）当量。从经济角度看，由于哮喘住院率降低，ICS节省了医疗费用。在哮喘病程中早期引入ICS的影响仍未明确。在哮喘症状轻微、肺功能基本正常且症状不频繁的患者中使用ICS也尚未得到研究。目前，ICS仍然是持续性疾病成年哮喘患者的一线治疗药物。
