Wiers Reinout W, van Woerden Nieske, Smulders Fren T Y, de Jong Peter J
U Maastricht.
J Abnorm Psychol. 2002 Nov;111(4):648-658. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.111.4.648.
Implicit and explicit alcohol-related cognitions were measured in 2 dimensions: positive-negative (valence) and arousal-sedation, with 2 versions of the Implicit Association Test (IAT; A. G. Greenwald, D. E. McGhee, & J. L. Schwartz) and related explicit measures. Heavy drinkers (n = 24) strongly associated alcohol with arousal on the arousal IAT (especially men) and scored higher on explicit arousal expectancies than light drinkers (n = 24). On the valence IAT, both light and heavy drinkers showed strong negative implicit associations with alcohol that contrasted with their positive explicit judgments (heavy drinkers were more positive). Implicit and explicit cognitions uniquely contributed to the prediction of 1-month prospective drinking. Heavy drinkers' implicit arousal associations could reflect the sensitized psychomotor-activating response to drug cues, a motivational mechanism hypothesized to underlie the etiology of addictive behaviors.
积极-消极（效价）和唤醒-镇静，采用了两个版本的内隐联想测验（IAT；A.G.格林沃尔德、D.E.麦吉和J.L.施瓦茨）以及相关的外显测量方法。酗酒者（n = 24）在唤醒IAT上强烈地将酒精与唤醒联系起来（尤其是男性），并且在外显唤醒预期方面的得分高于轻度饮酒者（n = 24）。在效价IAT上，轻度和重度饮酒者都表现出与酒精强烈的消极内隐联系，这与他们积极的外显判断形成对比（酗酒者更积极）。内隐和外显认知对1个月前瞻性饮酒的预测有独特贡献。酗酒者的内隐唤醒联系可能反映了对药物线索的敏化心理运动激活反应，这是一种被假设为成瘾行为病因基础的动机机制。
