Ulrich Anne S
Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Institute of Molecular Biology, Germany.
Biosci Rep. 2002 Apr;22(2):129-50. doi: 10.1023/a:1020178304031.
Liposomes are used as biocompatible carriers of drugs, peptides, proteins, plasmic DNA, antisense oligonucleotides or ribozymes, for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and biochemical purposes. The enormous versatility in particle size and in the physical parameters of the lipids affords an attractive potential for constructing tailor-made vehicles for a wide range of applications. Some of the recent literature will be reviewed here and presented from a biophysical point of view, thus providing a background for the more specialized articles in this special issue on liposome technology. Different properties (size, colloidal behavior, phase transitions, and polymorphism) of diverse lipid formulations (liposomes, lipoplexes, cubic phases, emulsions, and solid lipid nanoparticles) for distinct applications (parenteral, transdermal, pulmonary, and oral administration) will be rationalized in terms of common structural, thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the lipids. This general biophysical basis helps to understand pharmaceutically relevant aspects such as liposome stability during storage and towards serum, the biodistribution and specific targeting of cargo, and how to trigger drug release and membrane fusion. Methods for the preparation and characterization of liposomal formulations in vitro will be outlined, too.
脂质体用作药物、肽、蛋白质、质粒DNA、反义寡核苷酸或核酶的生物相容性载体，用于制药、化妆品和生化目的。脂质体在粒径和脂质物理参数方面具有极大的通用性，为构建适用于广泛应用的定制载体提供了诱人的潜力。本文将从生物物理学角度回顾一些近期文献，从而为本期关于脂质体技术的更专业文章提供背景。针对不同应用（肠胃外、透皮、肺部和口服给药）的各种脂质制剂（脂质体、脂质复合物、立方相、乳液和固体脂质纳米粒）的不同特性（大小、胶体行为、相变和多态性）将根据脂质的常见结构、热力学和动力学参数进行阐释。这一通用的生物物理学基础有助于理解与药学相关的方面，如脂质体在储存期间和面对血清时的稳定性、所载物质的生物分布和特异性靶向，以及如何触发药物释放和膜融合。还将概述体外脂质体制剂的制备和表征方法。
