Cardone Massimo, Prati Maria Vittoria, Rocco Vittorio, Seggiani Maurizia, Senatore Adolfo, Vitoloi Sandra
Environ Sci Technol. 2002 Nov 1;36(21):4656-62. doi: 10.1021/es011078y.
A comparison of the performance of Brassica carinata oil-derived biodiesel with a commercial rapeseed oil-derived biodiesel and petroleum diesel fuel is discussed as regards engine performance and regulated and unregulated exhaust emissions. B. carinata is an oil crop that can be cultivated in coastal areas of central-southern Italy, where it is more difficult to achieve the productivity potentials of Brassica napus (by far the most common rapeseed cultivated in continental Europe). Experimental tests were carried out on a turbocharged direct injection passenger car diesel engine fueled with 100% biodiesel. The unregulated exhaust emissions were characterized by determining the SOOT and soluble organic fraction content in the particulate matter, together with analysis of the content and speciation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, some of which are potentially carcinogenic, and of carbonyl compounds (aldehydes, ketones) that act as ozone precursors. B. carinata and commercial biodiesel behaved similarly as far as engine performance and regulated and unregulated emissions were concerned. When compared with petroleum diesel fuel, the engine test bench analysis did not show any appreciable variation of output engine torque values, while there was a significant difference in specific fuel consumption data at the lowest loads for the biofuels and petroleum diesel fuel. The biofuels were observed to produce higher levels of NOx concentrations and lower levels of PM with respect to the diesel fuel. The engine heat release analysis conducted shows that there is a potential for increased thermal NOx generation when firing biodiesel with no prior modification to the injection timing. It seems that, for both the biofuels, this behavior is caused by an advanced combustion evolution, which is particularly apparent at the higher loads. When compared with petroleum diesel fuel, biodiesel emissions contain less SOOT, and a greater fraction of the particulate was soluble. The analysis and speciation of the soluble organic fraction of biodiesel particulate suggest that the carcinogenic potential of the biodiesel emissions is probably lower than that of petroleum diesel. Its better adaptivity and productivity in clay and sandy-type soils and in semiarid temperate climate and the fact that the performance of its derived biodiesel is quite similar to commercial biodiesel make B. carinata a promising oil crop that could offer the possibility of exploiting the Mediterranean marginal areas for energetic purposes.
本文讨论了源自埃塞俄比亚芥籽油的生物柴油与市售菜籽油衍生生物柴油及石油柴油在发动机性能、规定和未规定的废气排放方面的性能比较。埃塞俄比亚芥是一种油料作物，可在意大利中南部沿海地区种植，在该地区，很难实现甘蓝型油菜（目前欧洲大陆种植最普遍的油菜籽）的生产潜力。在一台涡轮增压直喷乘用车柴油发动机上，使用100%生物柴油进行了试验测试。通过测定颗粒物中的碳烟和可溶性有机成分含量，以及分析多环芳烃（其中一些具有潜在致癌性）和作为臭氧前体的羰基化合物（醛、酮）的含量和形态，对未规定的废气排放进行了表征。就发动机性能以及规定和未规定的排放而言，埃塞俄比亚芥和市售生物柴油表现相似。与石油柴油相比，发动机试验台分析未显示输出发动机扭矩值有任何明显变化，而在最低负荷下，生物燃料和石油柴油的特定燃料消耗数据存在显著差异。观察到生物燃料产生的氮氧化物浓度较高，颗粒物水平较低。进行的发动机热释放分析表明，在不对喷射正时进行预先调整的情况下燃烧生物柴油时，有增加热氮氧化物生成的可能性。似乎对于这两种生物燃料来说，这种行为是由燃烧提前演变引起的，在较高负荷下尤为明显。与石油柴油相比，生物柴油排放中的碳烟较少，颗粒物中可溶性部分的比例更大。生物柴油颗粒物可溶性有机成分的分析和形态表明，生物柴油排放的致癌潜力可能低于石油柴油。埃塞俄比亚芥在粘土和沙质土壤以及半干旱温带气候中具有更好的适应性和生产力，并且其衍生生物柴油的性能与市售生物柴油非常相似，这使得埃塞俄比亚芥成为一种有前景的油料作物，有可能为能源目的开发地中海边缘地区提供可能。
