Corporan Edwin, Reich Richard, Monroig Orvin, DeWitt Matthew J, Larson Venus, Aulich Ted, Mann Michael, Seames Wayne
Air Force Research Laboratory-Fuels Branch, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USA.
J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2005 Jul;55(7):940-9. doi: 10.1080/10473289.2005.10464680.
The impacts of biodiesel on gaseous and particulate matter (PM) emissions of a JP-8-fueled T63 engine were investigated. Jet fuel was blended with the soybean oil-derived methyl ester biofuel at various concentrations and combusted in the turbine engine. The engine was operated at three power settings, namely ground idle, cruise, and takeoff power, to study the impact of the biodiesel at significantly different pressure and temperature conditions. Particulate emissions were characterized by measuring the particle number density (PND; particulate concentration), the particle size distribution, and the total particulate mass. PM samples were collected for offline analysis to obtain information about the effect of the biodiesel on the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content. In addition, temperature-programmed oxidation was performed on the collected soot samples to obtain information about the carbonaceous content (elemental or organic). Major and minor gaseous emissions were quantified using a total hydrocarbon analyzer, an oxygen analyzer, and a Fourier Transform IR analyzer. Test results showed the potential of biodiesel to reduce soot emissions in the jet-fueled turbine engine without negatively impacting the engine performance. These reductions, however, were observed only at the higher power settings with relatively high concentrations of biodiesel. Specifically, reductions of approximately 15% in the PND were observed at cruise and takeoff conditions with 20% biodiesel in the jet fuel. At the idle condition, slight increases in PND were observed; however, evidence shows this increase to be the result of condensed uncombusted biodiesel. Most of the gaseous emissions were unaffected under all of the conditions. The biodiesel was observed to have minimal effect on the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during this study. In addition to the combustion results, discussion of the physical and chemical characteristics of the blended fuels obtained using standard American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) fuel specifications methods are presented.
研究了生物柴油对以JP - 8为燃料的T63发动机气态和颗粒物（PM）排放的影响。喷气燃料与不同浓度的大豆油衍生甲酯生物燃料混合，并在涡轮发动机中燃烧。发动机在三种功率设置下运行，即地面怠速、巡航和起飞功率，以研究生物柴油在显著不同的压力和温度条件下的影响。通过测量颗粒数密度（PND；颗粒浓度）、粒径分布和总颗粒质量来表征颗粒物排放。收集PM样本进行离线分析，以获取有关生物柴油对多环芳烃（PAH）含量影响的信息。此外，对收集的烟灰样本进行程序升温氧化，以获取有关碳质含量（元素或有机）的信息。使用总烃分析仪、氧分析仪和傅里叶变换红外分析仪对主要和次要气态排放进行定量。测试结果表明，生物柴油有潜力在不负面影响发动机性能的情况下减少喷气燃料涡轮发动机中的烟灰排放。然而，这些减少仅在较高功率设置和相对高浓度生物柴油的情况下观察到。具体而言，在巡航和起飞条件下，喷气燃料中含有20%生物柴油时，PND降低了约15%。在怠速条件下，PND略有增加；然而，有证据表明这种增加是未燃烧生物柴油冷凝的结果。在所有条件下，大多数气态排放均未受影响。在本研究中，观察到生物柴油对多环芳烃的形成影响最小。除了燃烧结果外，还讨论了使用美国材料与试验协会（ASTM）标准燃料规格方法获得的混合燃料的物理和化学特性。
