四氧嘧啶糖尿病：一项发现，尽管是一项小发现。

Alloxan diabetes: a discovery, albeit a minor one.

作者信息

McLetchie N G

出版信息

J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2002;32(2):134-42.

Abstract

The remarkable discovery that a single injection of alloxan can produce diabetes mellitus in laboratory animals was made in 1942, in Glasgow, by John Shaw Dunn and Norman McLetchie. Alloxan, a simple nitrogenous organic compound, had made a long journey to get to Glasgow - it belongs to the very origins of systematic organic chemistry - from Germany. It was discovered by the fathers of this science, Frederick Wöhler and Justin J. Liebig, beginning with the synthesis of urea in 1828, then of uric acid and the naming of some 13 derivatives of uric acid, including alloxan. The name 'alloxan,' given by Wöhler and Liebig, is recorded as being derived from a combination of allantoin (a product of uric acid among others excreted by the fetus into the allantois) and 'oxalsaüre' (oxaluric acid derived from oxalic acid and urea, found in urine).

摘要

1942年，在格拉斯哥，约翰·肖·邓恩和诺曼·麦克莱奇发现单次注射四氧嘧啶能使实验动物患上糖尿病，这一发现意义非凡。四氧嘧啶是一种简单的含氮有机化合物，从德国来到格拉斯哥可谓历经漫长旅程——它可追溯到系统有机化学的起源时期。它由这门科学的奠基人弗里德里希·维勒和贾斯汀·J·李比希发现，始于1828年尿素的合成，接着是尿酸的合成以及约13种尿酸衍生物的命名，其中包括四氧嘧啶。维勒和李比希赋予的“四氧嘧啶”这个名字，据记载是由尿囊素（尿酸的一种产物，胎儿会将其排泄到尿囊中）和“oxalsaüre”（由草酸和尿素衍生而来的草尿酸，存在于尿液中）组合而成。