Graczyk Thaddeus K, Bosco-Nizeyi John, Ssebide B, Thompson R C Andrew, Read Carolyn, Cranfield Michael R
The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
J Parasitol. 2002 Oct;88(5):905-9. doi: 10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[0905:AGDGAA]2.0.CO;2.
To facilitate ecotourism and research, free-ranging mountain gorillas of Uganda have been habituated to humans. Testing of fecal samples of gorillas (n = 100), people sharing gorilla habitats (n = 62). and local pre- and postweaned cattle (n = 50) having access to these habitats with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated monoclonal antibodies revealed Giardia duodenalis cysts at prevalences of 2, 5, and 10%, respectively. The identification of G. duodenalis was confirmed by fluorescent in situ hybridization with 2 species-specific 18-bp oligonucleotide probes conjugated to hexachlorinated 6-carboxyfluorescein. The mean pathogen concentration was 2.5, 2.8, and 0.2 x 10(4) cysts/g of the gorilla, people, and cattle feces, respectively. All cyst isolates aligned with genotype (assemblage) A, as confirmed by polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of a 130-bp region near the 5' end of the small subunit-ribosomal RNA gene. A single genotype (assemblage) A recovered from 3 genetically distant but geographically united host groups indicates anthropozoonotic transmission of G. duodenalis. A large percentage of the local community does not follow park regulations regarding the disposal of their fecal waste, as self-reported in a questionnaire. This genotype may have been introduced into gorilla populations through habituation activities and may have then been sustained in their habitats by anthropozoonotic transmission.
为促进生态旅游和研究，乌干达的野生山地大猩猩已习惯与人类接触。对100只大猩猩、62名与大猩猩共享栖息地的人以及50头能进入这些栖息地的当地断奶前后的牛的粪便样本进行检测，结果显示，使用异硫氰酸荧光素偶联单克隆抗体检测出的十二指肠贾第鞭毛虫囊肿患病率分别为2%、5%和10%。通过与两种与六氯代6-羧基荧光素偶联的物种特异性18碱基对寡核苷酸探针进行荧光原位杂交，确认了十二指肠贾第鞭毛虫的鉴定。病原体平均浓度分别为每克大猩猩粪便2.5×10⁴个囊肿、每克人粪便2.8×10⁴个囊肿和每克牛粪便0.2×10⁴个囊肿。经聚合酶链反应扩增和对小亚基核糖体RNA基因5'端附近130碱基对区域进行测序证实，所有囊肿分离株均与基因型（组合）A一致。从3个基因距离较远但地理上相连的宿主群体中分离出的单一基因型（组合）A表明十二指肠贾第鞭毛虫存在人兽共患病传播。问卷调查显示，很大一部分当地社区成员不遵守公园关于粪便处理的规定。这种基因型可能是通过习惯化活动引入大猩猩种群的，然后可能通过人兽共患病传播在其栖息地持续存在。
