Brown Matthew, Besner Derek
Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Ont, Waterloo, Canada N2L 3G1.
Conscious Cogn. 2002 Sep;11(3):402-22. doi: 10.1016/s1053-8100(02)00008-9.
By hypothesis, awareness is involved in the modulation of feedback from semantics to the lexical level in the visual word recognition system. When subjects are aware of the fact that there are many related prime-target pairs in a semantic priming experiment, this knowledge is used to configure the system to feed activation back from semantics to the lexical level so as to facilitate processing. When subjects are unaware of this fact, the default set is maintained in which activation is not fed back from semantics to the lexical level so as to conserve limited resources. Qualitative differences in the pattern of data from two lexical decision experiments that employ masked priming are consistent with this hypothesis. Semantic context and stimulus quality interact when the prime is processed with awareness whereas these same two factors produce additive effects on RT when the prime is unlikely to have been processed with awareness. These experiments thus illustrate one way in which awareness (or lack thereof) affects the dynamics of visual word recognition.
根据假设，在视觉单词识别系统中，意识参与了从语义到词汇层面的反馈调节。当受试者意识到在语义启动实验中有许多相关的启动-目标对时，这一知识会被用于配置系统，以便将激活从语义反馈到词汇层面，从而促进加工。当受试者未意识到这一事实时，系统会维持默认设置，即激活不会从语义反馈到词汇层面，以节省有限的资源。两项采用掩蔽启动的词汇判断实验的数据模式中的质性差异与这一假设一致。当启动刺激在有意识的情况下被加工时，语义语境和刺激质量会相互作用，而当启动刺激不太可能在有意识的情况下被加工时，这两个因素对反应时产生的是相加效应。因此，这些实验说明了意识（或缺乏意识）影响视觉单词识别动态过程的一种方式。
