Pastizzo Matthew John, Feldman Laurie Beth
State University of New York, College at Geneseo/University at Albany, State University of New York & Haskins Laboratories.
Ment Lex. 2009 Nov 1;4(1):1-25. doi: 10.1075/ml.4.1.01pas.
Words can be similar with respect to form (viz., spelling, pronunciation), meaning, or both form and meaning. In three lexical decision experiments (48 ms forward masked, 116 ms, and 250 ms SOAs), targets (e.g., FLOAT) followed prime words related by form only (e.g., COAT), meaning only (e.g., SWIM), or form and meaning (e.g., BOAT). BOAT-FLOAT and SWIM-FLOAT type pairs showed reduced target decision latencies relative to unrelated controls when primes were unmasked, but not when they were masked, and the magnitude of facilitation increased with increasing prime duration. By contrast, COAT-FLOAT type pairs produced significant inhibition at the shorter two prime durations. In all three experiments, including at the shortest SOA, (BOAT-FLOAT) pairs that shared form and meaning differed from COAT-FLOAT type pairs that shared only form. We discuss the similarity of the BOAT-FLOAT pattern to that of morphological facilitation and argue that if the same mechanism underlies both outcomes then activation of a shared morphemic representation need not underlie morphological facilitation.
单词在形式（即拼写、发音）、意义或形式与意义两者方面可能相似。在三项词汇判断实验中（刺激呈现后48毫秒前向掩蔽、116毫秒和250毫秒的刺激呈现间隔），目标词（如FLOAT）之后是仅在形式上相关的启动词（如COAT）、仅在意义上相关的启动词（如SWIM）或在形式和意义上都相关的启动词（如BOAT）。当启动词未被掩蔽时，BOAT - FLOAT和SWIM - FLOAT类型的词对相对于不相关的控制组显示出目标判断潜伏期缩短，但当启动词被掩蔽时则不然，并且促进作用的程度随着启动词持续时间的增加而增加。相比之下，COAT - FLOAT类型的词对在较短的两个启动词持续时间下产生了显著的抑制作用。在所有三项实验中，包括最短的刺激呈现间隔，在形式和意义上都相同的（BOAT - FLOAT）词对与仅在形式上相同的COAT - FLOAT类型词对不同。我们讨论了BOAT - FLOAT模式与形态促进模式的相似性，并认为如果这两种结果有相同的机制作为基础，那么共享词素表征的激活不一定是形态促进的基础。
