Finder Richard L, Moore Paul A
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
Dent Clin North Am. 2002 Oct;46(4):747-57, x. doi: 10.1016/s0011-8532(02)00018-6.
A dentist's ability to safely administer regional anesthesia is essential for dental practice. Local anesthetic solutions used in the United States for dental anesthesia are formulated with several components. The contents of a standard local anesthetic cartridge may include an amide or ester local anesthetic drug, an adrenergic vasoconstrictor, and an antioxidant. In susceptible patients, any of these components may induce systemic, dose-dependent adverse reactions. Although extremely rare, allergic reactions may also occur. Signs and symptoms of the various adverse reactions associated with local anesthetics are quite distinctive, permitting rapid diagnosis and treatment. Serious reactions are extremely infrequent and, when treated properly, unlikely to result in significant morbidity or mortality.
牙医安全实施局部麻醉的能力对牙科诊疗至关重要。美国用于牙科麻醉的局部麻醉溶液由几种成分配制而成。标准局部麻醉药筒的内容物可能包括酰胺类或酯类局部麻醉药、肾上腺素能血管收缩剂和抗氧化剂。在易感患者中，这些成分中的任何一种都可能引发全身性、剂量依赖性不良反应。虽然极为罕见，但也可能发生过敏反应。与局部麻醉药相关的各种不良反应的体征和症状非常独特，便于快速诊断和治疗。严重反应极为罕见，若治疗得当， unlikely to result in significant morbidity or mortality.（此处英文原文有误，推测正确表述应为“unlikely to result in significant morbidity or mortality”，意思是“不太可能导致严重的发病率或死亡率”）不太可能导致严重的发病率或死亡率。
