Liebermann Juergen, Nawroth Frank, Isachenko Vladimir, Isachenko Evgenia, Rahimi Gohar, Tucker Michael J
Shady Grove Fertility Reproductive Science Center, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.
Biol Reprod. 2002 Dec;67(6):1671-80. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod.102.006833.
As early as 1985, ice-free cryopreservation of mouse embryos at -196 degrees C by vitrification was reported in an attempted alternative approach to cryostorage. Since then, vitrification techniques have entered more and more the mainstream of animal reproduction as an alternative cryopreservation method to traditional slow-cooling/rapid-thaw protocols. In addition, the last few years have seen a significant resurgence of interest in the potential benefits of vitrification protocols and techniques in human-assisted reproductive technologies. The radical strategy of vitrification results in the total elimination of ice crystal formation, both within the cells being vitrified (intracellular) and in the surrounding solution (extracellular). The protocols for vitrification are very simple. They allow cells and tissue to be placed directly into the cryoprotectant and then plunged directly into liquid nitrogen. To date, however, vitrification as a cryopreservation method has had very little practical impact on human-assisted reproduction, and human preimplantation embryo vitrification is still considered to be largely experimental. Besides the inconsistent survival rates that have been reported, another problem is the wide variety of different carriers and vessels that have been used for vitrification. Second, many different vitrification solutions have been formulated, which has not helped to focus efforts on perfecting a single approach. On the other hand, the reports of successfully completed pregnancies following vitrification at all preimplantation stages is encouraging for further research and clinical implementation. Clearly, however, attention needs to be paid to the inconsistent survival rates following vitrification.
早在1985年，就有报道称通过玻璃化法在-196℃下对小鼠胚胎进行无冰冷冻保存，这是一种冷冻保存的替代方法。从那时起，玻璃化技术作为传统慢速冷却/快速解冻方案的替代冷冻保存方法，越来越多地进入动物繁殖的主流。此外，在过去几年中，人们对玻璃化方案和技术在人类辅助生殖技术中的潜在益处的兴趣显著复苏。玻璃化的激进策略导致在被玻璃化的细胞内（细胞内）和周围溶液（细胞外）中完全消除冰晶形成。玻璃化方案非常简单。它们允许将细胞和组织直接放入冷冻保护剂中，然后直接投入液氮中。然而，迄今为止，玻璃化作为一种冷冻保存方法对人类辅助生殖几乎没有实际影响，人类植入前胚胎玻璃化仍在很大程度上被认为是实验性的。除了报道的存活率不一致外，另一个问题是用于玻璃化的载体和容器种类繁多。其次，已经配制了许多不同的玻璃化溶液，这无助于集中精力完善单一方法。另一方面，在所有植入前阶段进行玻璃化后成功完成妊娠的报道，对于进一步的研究和临床应用来说是令人鼓舞的。然而，显然需要关注玻璃化后的存活率不一致问题。
