Haken Liesbeth M, Steverink Nardi, van den Heuvel Wim J A, Lindenberg Siegwart M
Interuniversity Center for Social Science Theory and Methodology, University of Groningen, the Netherlands.
Scand J Caring Sci. 2002 Dec;16(4):353-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1471-6712.2002.00092.x.
This study presents an alternative assessment method for establishing the demand for an old age home among a community-dwelling older population. The instrument, called 'orientation towards admission into an old age home', represents the intensity of the need for admission as expressed by older people themselves. Therefore it is indicative of the 'subjective demand'.
Using a longitudinal design (1993-98), the study tests whether a stronger orientation towards admission into an old age home leads to use of an old age home. This assessment method is compared with another method of assessing 'subjective demand', that is by those who have applied for and are waiting for admission. Additionally, the method is compared with an 'objective' indicator of demand, that is, the level of physical impairments and age of the elderly person.
Results show that the subjective demand as measured by the 'orientation toward admission into an old age home' is indeed related to actual use of an old age home. The subjective demand as measured by being on a waiting list is not significantly related to the use of an old age home. The level of physical impairments (the objective demand) and age are sometimes, but not always, significantly related to the use of an old age home.
The instrument 'orientation' provides us with a valuable instrument in assessing 'subjective demand' for an old age home among community-dwelling older people.
本研究提出了一种替代性评估方法，用于确定社区居住的老年人群体对养老院的需求。该工具名为“入住养老院倾向”，代表了老年人自身表达的入住需求强度。因此，它指示了“主观需求”。
采用纵向设计（1993 - 1998年），该研究测试了更强的入住养老院倾向是否会导致入住养老院。这种评估方法与另一种评估“主观需求”的方法进行了比较，即由那些申请并正在等待入住的人进行评估。此外，该方法还与需求的“客观”指标进行了比较，即老年人的身体损伤程度和年龄。
结果表明，通过“入住养老院倾向”衡量的主观需求确实与实际入住养老院有关。通过在等待名单上衡量的主观需求与入住养老院没有显著相关性。身体损伤程度（客观需求）和年龄有时但并非总是与入住养老院有显著相关性。
“倾向”工具为我们评估社区居住老年人对养老院的“主观需求”提供了一种有价值的工具。
