Moran Patricia M, Bifulco Antonia, Ball Caroline, Jacobs Catherine, Benaim Kate
Department of Health and Social Care, University of London, United Kingdom.
Bull Menninger Clin. 2002 Summer;66(3):213-40. doi: 10.1521/bumc.66.3.213.23367.
Definitions of psychological abuse are reviewed and a new definition proposed, operationalized as an extension of an existing measure of childhood, the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse (CECA). This semistructured, investigator-based interview is designed for use with adults to collect retrospective accounts of childhood adverse experience. The CECA extension identifies nine subtypes of psychological abuse, with a single global severity rating. The definition is clearly differentiated from other adverse experiences with emotionally abusive elements such as parental antipathy (hostile parenting), neglect, and role reversal. Examples are given. A community-based series of 301 women were interviewed using the extended CECA to gather a range of experiences of childhood maltreatment on which to devise the new measure. Interrater reliability was satisfactory, and several features of psychological abuse were examined, including its prevalence, frequency, and the characteristics of the abused child and perpetrator. The new scale is discussed in terms of its potential use not only by researchers but also by practitioners such as clinicians and social workers in the child protection field in order to more accurately identify and assess multiples of abuse in childhood. A companion article (Bifulco, Moran, Baines, Bunn, & Stanford, 2002) examines the relationship of psychological abuse to adult major depression.
回顾了心理虐待的定义，并提出了一个新定义，该定义作为现有童年期测量工具——《童年关爱与虐待经历》（CECA）的扩展进行操作化。这种半结构化的、基于调查员的访谈旨在用于成年人，以收集童年不良经历的回顾性描述。CECA扩展版确定了心理虐待的九种亚型，并给出一个总体严重程度评分。该定义与其他带有情感虐待因素的不良经历（如父母反感[敌意养育]、忽视和角色颠倒）有明显区别。文中给出了示例。对301名女性进行了基于社区的访谈，使用扩展版CECA来收集一系列童年虐待经历，以便据此设计新的测量工具。评分者间信度令人满意，还考察了心理虐待的几个特征，包括其发生率、频率以及受虐儿童和施虐者的特征。讨论了新量表不仅在研究人员中，而且在儿童保护领域的临床医生和社会工作者等从业者中的潜在用途，以便更准确地识别和评估童年期多种形式的虐待。一篇配套文章（Bifulco、Moran、Baines、Bunn和Stanford，2002年）探讨了心理虐待与成人重度抑郁症之间的关系。
