Drake Harold L, Küsel Kirsten, Matthies Carola
Department of Ecological Microbiology, BITOEK, University of Bayreuth, Germany.
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2002 Aug;81(1-4):203-13. doi: 10.1023/a:1020514617738.
Acetogens reduce CO2 to acetate via the acetyl-CoA pathway and have been classically thought of as obligately anaerobic bacteria. Nearly 100 acetogenic species from 20 different genera have been isolated to date. These isolates are able to use very diverse electron donors and acceptors, and it is thus very likely that the in situ activities of acetogens are very diverse and not restricted to acetogenesis. Since acetogens constitute a very phylogenetically diverse bacteriological group, it should be anticipated that they can inhabit, and have impact on, diverse habitats. Indeed, they have been isolated from a broad range of habitats, including oxic soils and other habitats not generally regarded as suitable for acetogens. Although the ecological impact of acetogens is determined by the in situ manifestation of their physiological potentials, assessing their in situ activities is difficult due to their physiological and phylogenetic diversities. This mini-review will highlight a few of the physiological and ecological realities of acetogens, and will focus on: (i) metabolic diversities and regulation, (ii) phylogenetic diversity and molecular ecology, and (iii) the capacity of acetogens to cope with oxic conditions under both laboratory and in situ conditions.
产乙酸菌通过乙酰辅酶A途径将二氧化碳还原为乙酸盐，传统上被认为是专性厌氧菌。迄今为止，已从20个不同属中分离出近100种产乙酸菌。这些分离物能够利用非常多样的电子供体和受体，因此产乙酸菌的原位活性很可能非常多样，并不局限于乙酸生成。由于产乙酸菌构成了一个系统发育非常多样的细菌类群，可以预期它们能够栖息于各种生境并对其产生影响。事实上，它们已从广泛的生境中分离出来，包括有氧土壤和其他通常不被认为适合产乙酸菌的生境。尽管产乙酸菌的生态影响取决于其生理潜能的原位表现，但由于它们的生理和系统发育多样性，评估其原位活性很困难。本综述将重点介绍产乙酸菌的一些生理和生态实际情况，并将聚焦于：（i）代谢多样性与调控；（ii）系统发育多样性与分子生态学；（iii）产乙酸菌在实验室和原位条件下应对有氧条件的能力。
