Drake H L, Daniel S L, Küsel K, Matthies C, Kuhner C, Braus-Stromeyer S
Lehrstuhl für Okologische Mikrobiologie, BITOK, Universität Bayreuth, Germany.
Biofactors. 1997;6(1):13-24. doi: 10.1002/biof.5520060103.
The four decades of the now classic studies by Harland G. Wood and Lars G. Ljungdahl lead to the resolution of the autotrophic acetyl-CoA 'Wood/Ljungdahl' pathway of acetogenesis. This pathway is the hallmark of acetogens, but is also used by other bacteria, including methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria, for both catabolic and anabolic purposes. Thus, the pathway is wide spread in nature and plays an important role in the global turnover of carbon. Because most historical studies with acetogens focused on the biochemistry of the acetyl-CoA pathway, the metabolic diversity and ecology of acetogens remained largely unexplored for many years. Although acetogens were initially conceived to be a somewhat obscure bacteriological group with limited metabolic capabilities, it is now clear that acctogens are arguably the most metabolically diverse group of obligate anaerobes characterized to date. Their anaerobic metabolic arsenal includes the capacity to oxidize diverse substrates, including aromatic, C1, C2, and halogenated compounds, and engage a large number of alternative energy-conserving, terminal electron-accepting processes, including classic fermentations and the dissimilation of inorganic nitrogen. In this regard, one might consider acetogens on a collective basis as the pseudomonads of obligate anaerobes. By virtue of their diverse metabolic talents, acetogens can be found in essentially all habitats. This review evaluates the metabolic versatilities of acetogens relative to both the engagement (regulation) of the acetyl-CoA pathway and the ecological roles likely played by this bacteriogical group.
哈兰德·G·伍德（Harland G. Wood）和拉尔斯·G·永达尔（Lars G. Ljungdahl）开展了长达40年的经典研究，最终解析了产乙酸过程中自养型乙酰辅酶A的“伍德/永达尔”途径。该途径是产乙酸菌的标志，但包括产甲烷菌和硫酸盐还原菌在内的其他细菌也会出于分解代谢和合成代谢目的而使用它。因此，该途径在自然界广泛存在，在全球碳循环中发挥着重要作用。由于以往对产乙酸菌的大多数研究都集中在乙酰辅酶A途径的生物化学方面，产乙酸菌的代谢多样性和生态学在很多年里基本上都未得到探索。尽管产乙酸菌最初被认为是一个代谢能力有限、有些模糊不清的细菌类群，但现在很明显，产乙酸菌可以说是迄今为止已被表征的代谢多样性最为丰富的专性厌氧菌群体。它们的厌氧代谢武器库包括氧化多种底物的能力，这些底物包括芳香族、C1、C2和卤代化合物，并且涉及大量其他的能量守恒、末端电子接受过程，包括经典发酵和无机氮的异化作用。在这方面，可以将产乙酸菌总体上视为专性厌氧菌中的假单胞菌。凭借其多样的代谢才能，可以在几乎所有生境中发现产乙酸菌。本综述评估了产乙酸菌相对于乙酰辅酶A途径的参与（调控）情况及其在生态方面可能发挥的作用的代谢多样性。
