Rodriguez-Saona Cesar, Crafts-Brandner Steven J, Williams Livy, Paré Paul W
USDA-ARS Western Cotton Research Lab, Phoenix, Arizona 85040, USA.
J Chem Ecol. 2002 Sep;28(9):1733-47. doi: 10.1023/a:1020552932566.
Induction of plant volatiles by leaf-chewing caterpillars is well documented. However, there is much less information about volatile induction by insects with different feeding habits. We studied the induction of plant volatiles by a piercing-sucking insect, the western tarnished plant bug Lygus hesperus Knight. Adults of both genders and nymphs of Lygus induced the local emission of a blend of volatiles from both cotton and maize. Feeding by Lygus also induced the systemic emission of volatiles that was similar but less complex than the blend emitted at the site of feeding. Infestation by mated, mature adult females (>4 days old), but not by nymphs or mature males, caused detectable emission of alpha-pinene, myrcene. and (E)-beta-caryophyllene, compounds that are stored in the glands of cotton tissue. This indicated that damage to glands in the petiole and leaf by the female ovipositor, rather than feeding, contributed significantly to the emission of these volatiles. Girdling the plant stem to disrupt phloem transport markedly decreased the movement of 14C-labeled photosynthetic products to the apex of the plant, and this treatment also markedly reduced the amount of systemically induced volatiles caused by Lygus feeding. Lygus salivary gland extracts were capable of inducing emission of the same volatile blend as measured for plants infested by feeding insects or treated with volicitin. an elicitor isolated from caterpillar regurgitant. The results indicate that L. hesperus is capable of inducing the emission of plant volatiles and that induction is caused by an elicitor that is contained in the insect salivary gland.
叶片咀嚼式毛虫诱导植物挥发物的现象已有充分记载。然而，关于具有不同取食习性的昆虫诱导挥发物的信息则少得多。我们研究了一种刺吸式昆虫——西方牧草盲蝽（Lygus hesperus Knight）对植物挥发物的诱导作用。西方牧草盲蝽的成虫和若虫都会诱导棉花和玉米局部释放混合挥发物。西方牧草盲蝽的取食还会诱导植物系统地释放挥发物，这种挥发物与取食部位释放的混合挥发物相似，但成分没那么复杂。交配后的成熟雌虫（>4日龄）侵害植物会导致可检测到的α-蒎烯、月桂烯和（E）-β-石竹烯的释放，而若虫或成熟雄虫侵害则不会，这些化合物储存在棉花组织的腺体中。这表明雌虫产卵器对叶柄和叶片腺体造成的损伤，而非取食，对这些挥发物的释放起了重要作用。环割植物茎干以破坏韧皮部运输，显著降低了14C标记的光合产物向植物顶端的移动，这种处理也显著减少了西方牧草盲蝽取食引起的系统诱导挥发物的量。西方牧草盲蝽唾液腺提取物能够诱导释放与取食昆虫侵害或用volicitin（一种从毛虫反刍物中分离出的激发子）处理的植物所检测到的相同混合挥发物。结果表明，西方牧草盲蝽能够诱导植物挥发物的释放，且诱导作用是由昆虫唾液腺中所含的一种激发子引起的。
