Blackmer J L, Rodriguez-Saona C, Byers J A, Shope K L, Smith J P
Western Cotton Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 4135 E. Broadway Rd., Phoenix, Arizona 85040, USA.
J Chem Ecol. 2004 Aug;30(8):1547-64. doi: 10.1023/b:joec.0000042067.27698.30.
The western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus Knight, feeds and develops on a variety of weeds in the spring, with later generations moving to alfalfa and cotton where severe damage to reproductive structures can occur. A synthetic attractant for monitoring or mass-trapping L. hesperus, or the identification of potential attractants for natural enemies, would be useful tools for integrated pest management programs. Studies investigated the response of naive and experienced fifth-instar and adult L. hesperus to odors associated with conspecifics and alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. Fifth-instar L. hesperus responded to all plant/insect combinations, whereas female L. hesperus only responded preferentially to vegetative and flowering alfalfa where conspecifics had fed for 24-72 hr, and to vegetative alfalfa where conspecifics were added approximately 30 min before the test began. Males were not attracted to headspace volatiles from any of the alfalfa treatments. Analysis of headspace volatiles showed that (E)-2-hexanal, (Z)-3-hexen-l-ol, alpha-pinene, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (E)-2-hexenyl acetate, limonene, (Z)-ocimene, (E)-beta-ocimene, linalool, (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, and (E, E)-alpha-farnesene are emitted from both vegetative and flowering alfalfa. Indole and (3E, 7E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene were only detected in flowering alfalfa. Damage to alfalfa by L. hesperus increased emissions of (Z)-ocimene, (E)-beta-ocimene, (E)-beta-caryophyllene, and (E, E)-alpha-farnesene, while beta-pinene, myrcene, methyl salicylate, and (3E, 7E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene were only detected from damaged plants. Thus, individual or mixtures of these alfalfa volatiles may be useful as attractants for capturing nymphs and adult females of L. hesperus in the field.
西部牧草盲蝽（Lygus hesperus Knight）在春季以多种杂草为食并发育，随后代迁移至苜蓿和棉花田，在那里其会对生殖结构造成严重损害。一种用于监测或大量诱捕西部牧草盲蝽的合成引诱剂，或者用于识别其天敌潜在引诱剂的物质，将是害虫综合管理计划的有用工具。研究调查了未接触过和有过接触经历的五龄若虫及成年西部牧草盲蝽对与同种个体和苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）相关气味的反应。五龄西部牧草盲蝽对所有植物/昆虫组合都有反应，而雌性西部牧草盲蝽仅优先对同种个体取食24 - 72小时的营养期和花期苜蓿，以及在测试开始前约30分钟添加了同种个体的营养期苜蓿有反应。雄性对任何苜蓿处理的顶空挥发物均无吸引力。顶空挥发物分析表明，（E）-2-己醛、（Z）-3-己烯-1-醇、α-蒎烯、（Z）-3-己烯基乙酸酯、（E）-2-己烯基乙酸酯、柠檬烯、（Z）-罗勒烯、（E）-β-罗勒烯、芳樟醇、（3E）-4,8-二甲基-1,3,7-壬三烯和（E, E）-α-法尼烯从营养期和花期苜蓿中均有释放。吲哚和（3E, 7E）-4,8,12-三甲基-1,3,7,11-十三碳四烯仅在花期苜蓿中检测到。西部牧草盲蝽对苜蓿的损害增加了（Z）-罗勒烯、（E）-β-罗勒烯、（E）-β-石竹烯和（E, E）-α-法尼烯的释放量，而β-蒎烯、月桂烯、水杨酸甲酯和（3E, 7E）-4,8,12-三甲基-1,3,7,11-十三碳四烯仅在受损植株中检测到。因此，这些苜蓿挥发物的单个成分或混合物可能作为引诱剂用于在田间捕获西部牧草盲蝽的若虫和成年雌虫。
