McBrien H L, Millar J G, Rice R E, McElfresh J S, Cullen E, Zalom F G
Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside 92521, USA.
J Chem Ecol. 2002 Sep;28(9):1797-818. doi: 10.1023/a:1020513218454.
The male-produced sex pheromone of the red-shouldered stink bug, Thyanta pallidovirens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) consists of a blend of methyl (E2,Z4,Z6)-decatrienoate (E2,Z4,Z6-10:COOMe), and the sesquiterpenes (+)-alpha-curcumene, (-)-zingiberene, and (-)-beta-sesquiphellandrene. In laboratory bioassays, sexually mature males attracted sexually mature females but not males, and females did not attract either sex. Extracts of volatiles collected from sexually mature males contained compounds not present in extracts from females or sexually immature males, and male-produced extract was attractive to females. Biological activity was lost when the extract was fractionated, indicating that the pheromone consisted of at least two components having different chemical properties. Individually, pheromone components were not attractive to females, but E2,Z4,Z6-10:COOMe in combination with at least one of the three male-produced sesquiterpenes was attractive. The presence of more than one sesquiterpene in the blend did not increase attraction, indicating redundancy in the pheromone signal. Male extract was as attractive as a blend reconstructed from synthesized compounds, indicating all biologically active components had been identified. In bioassays conducted at dusk in a 1- x 1- x 1-m screen field cage, females were attracted to synthetic pheromone lures. In field trials, adult female T pallidovirens were attracted to pheromone-baited traps in relatively low numbers. The profile of volatiles released by sexually mature males of a congeneric species, Thyanta accerra custator McAtee, was remarkably similar to that of male T. pallidovirens, with the exception that the former species produced (E)-2-decenal, a compound that was not found in T. pallidovirens extracts.
红肩蝽（Thyanta pallidovirens (Stål)，半翅目：蝽科）雄性产生的性信息素由甲基 (E2,Z4,Z6)-癸三烯酸酯（E2,Z4,Z6-10:COOMe）与倍半萜类化合物(+)-α-姜黄烯、(-)-姜烯和(-)-β-倍半水芹烯混合而成。在实验室生物测定中，性成熟的雄性吸引性成熟的雌性，但不吸引雄性，而雌性对任何一种性别都没有吸引力。从性成熟雄性身上收集的挥发物提取物中含有的化合物，在雌性或性未成熟雄性的提取物中不存在，且雄性产生的提取物对雌性有吸引力。当提取物被分馏时，生物活性丧失，这表明该信息素至少由两种具有不同化学性质的成分组成。单独来看，信息素成分对雌性没有吸引力，但E2,Z4,Z6-10:COOMe与三种雄性产生的倍半萜类化合物中的至少一种组合时具有吸引力。混合物中存在多种倍半萜类化合物并不会增加吸引力，这表明信息素信号存在冗余。雄性提取物与由合成化合物重构的混合物一样具有吸引力，这表明所有生物活性成分都已被鉴定出来。在黄昏时分于1×1×1米的筛网田间笼子中进行的生物测定中，雌性被合成信息素诱捕器吸引。在田间试验中，成年雌性红肩蝽被信息素诱饵诱捕器吸引的数量相对较少。同属物种Thyanta accerra custator McAtee的性成熟雄性释放的挥发物特征与红肩蝽雄性的非常相似，不同之处在于前者产生了(E)-2-癸醛，而这种化合物在红肩蝽提取物中未被发现。
