LaVoie Nadezhda N, Bourne Lyle E, Healy Alice F
Department of Psychology, University of Colorado at Boulder, 80309-0345, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2002 Nov;28(6):1137-53.
N. R. Brown and R. S. Siegler (1996) found that training participants on a subset of country populations improved estimations for novel transfer country populations, an effect called seeding that remained intact over time. They attributed this effect to the abstraction by participants of a general metric framework for estimating populations not dependent on specific country anchors. In a series of 3 follow-up experiments, the authors found that training on seed populations produces both general metric information and durable specific country information. Moreover, minimal amounts of general (mean or range of populations) or specific (1 or 3 countries) information made available for inspection while estimating produced a significant seeding effect. Retention over long intervals was facilitated by both presenting 3 seed countries as opposed to 1 and providing names for the seed countries.
N. R. 布朗和R. S. 西格勒（1996年）发现，对参与者进行部分国家人口数据的培训，能提高他们对新的迁移国家人口数据的估计能力，这种效应被称为“播种”，且随着时间推移依然存在。他们将这种效应归因于参与者对一个通用度量框架的抽象，该框架用于估计人口，不依赖于特定的国家基准。在一系列3个后续实验中，作者发现对种子人口进行培训既能产生通用度量信息，也能产生持久的特定国家信息。此外，在估计时提供最少数量的通用信息（人口均值或范围）或特定信息（1个或3个国家）以供查看，会产生显著的播种效应。与呈现1个种子国家相比，呈现3个种子国家以及为种子国家提供名称，都有助于长间隔的记忆保持。
