Benzie J A H, Ballment E, Forbes A T, Demetriades N T, Sugama K, Moria S
Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, MC Queensland 4810, Australia.
Mol Ecol. 2002 Dec;11(12):2553-69. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2002.01638.x.
Surveys of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in the giant tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon, using restriction fragment length polymorphisms have provided the first clear evidence that the Indo-West Pacific region is a site of accumulation of genetic diversity rather than a site of origin of genetic diversity. No haplotyes were found in common between a group of five southeast African populations and a group of five Australian (including Western Australia) and three southeast Asian populations. The dominant haplotype was different in the Australian and southeast Asian population groups. Genetic diversity (pi) was greatest in Indonesia (pi averaged 0.05), less in the Philippines and Australia (pi averaged 0.01), and markedly less in the southeast African and the West Australian populations (pi averaged 0.003). The high diversity of the southeast Asian populations resulted from the occurrence in those populations of a set of haplotypes found only in southeast Asia but derived from the southeast African haplotypes. These genetic variants therefore evolved in the Indian Ocean and later migrated into the Indo-West Pacific region. Low genetic variation in the geographically marginal populations in southeast Africa and Western Australia is considered to be the result of bottlenecks, but mismatch distributions suggest that large population sizes have been maintained in Indonesian populations for long periods.
利用限制性片段长度多态性对斑节对虾线粒体DNA（mtDNA）变异进行的调查首次明确证明，印度-西太平洋地区是遗传多样性积累的场所，而非遗传多样性起源的场所。在一组五个东南非洲种群与一组五个澳大利亚（包括西澳大利亚）和三个东南亚种群之间，未发现共同的单倍型。澳大利亚和东南亚种群组中的优势单倍型不同。印度尼西亚的遗传多样性（π）最高（π平均为0.05），菲律宾和澳大利亚的遗传多样性较低（π平均为0.01），而东南非洲和西澳大利亚种群的遗传多样性明显更低（π平均为0.003）。东南亚种群的高多样性是由于这些种群中出现了一组仅在东南亚发现但源自东南非洲单倍型的单倍型。因此，这些遗传变异在印度洋进化，后来迁移到印度-西太平洋地区。东南非洲和西澳大利亚地理边缘种群的低遗传变异被认为是瓶颈效应的结果，但失配分布表明印度尼西亚种群长期保持着较大的种群规模。
